Necessary for healthy life

cells changing to reflect new environments

cells responding and changing to normal 

stimulation

cells changing and responding in response

to dangerous stimuli

• decrease in cell size
• r/t pathologic or physiologic stimuli
• Examples: broken leg (pathologic) or old age (physiologic)

• increase in cell size and function (d/t overuse)
• seen in cells unable to increase in number
• Examples: cardiac cells, skeletal muscles, sex organs during puberty, and muscle size related to weight lifting

• decrease in number of cells
• caused by apoptosis (programmed cell death)
• Examples: ischemic diseases, neuro diseases

• overgrowth of cells (# of cells)
• increased cell division
• situations favoring hyperplasia usually also favor cancer

• change in cell type
• abnormal changes in cell size, shape, and organization
• usually can be controlled

reversible replacement of one cell to another mature cell type

• complete loss in differentiation
• cells will not function normally
• complete chaos (cancer)

• eventually cells will adapt
• sometimes recognizable changes in cell structure
• may progress to cell injury/ death

MVAs or Tylenol ODs

loss of cellular function, differentiation

cells will not adapt/recover

• Onset (sudden or gradual)
• genetics 
• adaptation of cells
• severity of cellular injury
• exposure
• nutritional status
• blood supply

• a lack of oxygen
• Caused By
  • decreased oxygen in the air
  • loss of hemoglobin/ function
  • carbon monoxide poisoning
  • decreased RBC production
  • inadequate oxygen transfer
  • injury to the cytochrome

• Hyperactive cells d/t unpaired electron in orbit

• occurs when lipid membranes are attacked
• Examples:
  • drugs
  • carbon tetrachloride
  • air pollution
  • social/street drugs
  • ionizing radiation

produce toxins within the body

can cause shock in the body

cause of diseases such as Arthritis

Factors:

genetic (diabetes)

• excess (lipid problems)
• starvation (no glucose)

Physical Agents

of Cell Adaptation

• ionizing radiation
• Temperature
• Atmospheric Pressure
• Noise

it damages DNA both directly and indirectly

produces growth in a random fashion

• sodium potassium pump is disrupted
• damage to the mitochondria
• damage in the cell walls
• cell lyses
• cell death (over time)

• increased HR
• pain
• loss of well-being
• altered blood pressure
• altered respiratory rate
• altered urine output

• autolysis
• calcification
• heterolysis
• phagocytosis

• Cooling rate of the body
• depends on temp of body before death
• 1-1.5 degree decline for first 24 hours
  • Then body is at room temp

• redish blue discoloration due to gravity
• occurs on:
  • butt
  • back
  • cave sides

• stiffening of muscles after death
• d/t lack of ATP production
• 12-14 hours will affect entire body