Term
| basic features of all cells (4) |
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Definition
| plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, ribosomes |
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Term
| unique characteristics of prokaryotic cells (4) |
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Definition
| no nucleus, DNA inside nucleoid, no membrane-bound organelles, cytoplasm inside plasma membrane |
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Term
| unique characteristics of eukaryotic cells (4) |
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Definition
| DNA inside nuclear envelope, membrane-bound organelles, cytoplasm between plasma membrane and nucleus, generally larger than prokaryotes |
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Term
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Definition
| double layer of phospholipids allowing passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste |
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Definition
| contains most of DNA, used by ribosomes to make proteins |
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Definition
| encloses nucleus to separate it from the cytoplasm. made of 2 lipid bilayers |
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Definition
| maintains shape of nucleus, on inner surface, made of protein |
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Term
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Definition
| made of DNA and proteins, inside the nucleus, condenses into chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| inside nucleus, site of RNA synthesis |
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Definition
| everything between nucleus and cell membrane, contains semifluid cytosol and organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| made of rRNA, synthesize protein in cytosol (free), or ER/nuclear envelope (bound) |
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Term
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Definition
| eukaryotic: 80S (60/40), prokaryotes: 70S (50/30) |
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Term
| endomembrane system components (6) |
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Definition
| Nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer components of endomembrane system |
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Term
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Definition
| continuous with nuclear envelope, composed of SER and RER |
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Term
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Definition
| sinthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies poison, stores calcium |
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Term
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Definition
| has ribosomes that secrete glycoproteins, distributes transport vesicles |
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Term
| Golgi apparatus (3 functions) |
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Definition
| flattened sacs (cisternae), not connected; modifies what it gets from ER, manufactures some macromolecules, sorts materials into transport vesicles |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane sac of hydrolytic enzymes digesting macromolecules. hydrolize proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids |
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Term
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Definition
| engulf another cell, forming a food vacuole, lysosome fuses with the food vacuole |
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Term
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Definition
| food (phagocytosis), contractile(pump excess water out), central (hold organic compounds and water) |
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Term
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Definition
| cell respiration, generating ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| (plants, algae) sites for photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| mitochondria and chloroplasts (4) |
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Definition
| not part of Endomembrane system, have double membrane, have proteins via free ribosomes, have own DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| smooth outer membrane, inner cristae (inner membrane space and mitochondrial matrix), which is in charge of some cellular respiration and ATP synthesis |
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Term
| chloroplast (3 functions) |
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Definition
| from plastids, contain chlorophyll, enzymes, used for photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| thylakoids (form a granum stack), Stroma (internal fluid) |
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Term
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Definition
| metabolic compartments bound by single membrane producing hydrogen peroxide and breaking it down into water with oxygen |
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Term
| cytoskeleton(3 structures) (3 functions) |
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Definition
| organizes cell's activities and maintains its shape, mobility via motor proteins, provides vesicle monorails, made of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments |
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Term
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Definition
| thickest part of cytoskeleton, helps shape and mobility within cell |
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Term
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Definition
| thinnest part of cytoskeleton, maintainence and changes cell shape, helps muscles contract |
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Term
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Definition
| diameter in a middle range of cytoskeleton. anchor nucleus and organelles, forms nuclear lamina, maintenence of cell shape |
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Term
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Definition
| hollow rods, shape cell, guide organelles, separate chromosomes, structure of centrioles. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pair making up centrosome, each with nine triplets arranged in aring |
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Term
| cilia and flagella (3 similarities) |
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Definition
| core of microtubules surrounded by plasma membrane, basal body anchoring, motor protein dynein |
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Term
| microfilaments (4 functions) |
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Definition
| solid rods with a twisted chain of actin subunits, bears tension, form cortexinside plasma membrane for support, make up microvili of intestinal cells |
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Term
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Definition
| in microfilaments for mobility, help muscle cell contraction. |
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Term
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Definition
| extends and contracts for amoeboid movement |
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Term
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Definition
| circular flow of cytoplasm in cells. speeds distribution of materials in cell |
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Term
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Definition
| support cell shape and fix organelles in place |
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Term
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Definition
| only in plants, consists of primary, secondary, and middle lamina, supporting cell shape and keeping out excess water |
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Term
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Definition
| in animals made of glycoproteins, bind receptor proteins in plasma membrane called interins |
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Term
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Definition
| support, adhesion, movement, regulation, cell cell recognition |
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Term
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Definition
| intercellular junction in plants passing water and small solutes |
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Term
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Definition
| membranes of cells pressing together to prevent leackage |
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Term
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Definition
| create strong cell sheets |
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Term
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Definition
| provide communication channels for cells |
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