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| Deoxyribonucleic acid. A double hlix molecule found in every living cell. Stores instructions to build every mmolecule an organisme requires. The code is formed by 4 nitrogen base molecules: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G). |
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| Sections of DNA that contain "recipies" for building protein molecules. |
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| caused by damage to DNA inside the nucleus. Mutations can cause cell to stop functioning normally. Tumours form when mutated cells grow out of control. |
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| Changes in the sequence in a DNA molecule. The normal sequence being: (C and G) and (T and A). A mutated sequence could be : G and A |
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| Stem cells with total potential to direct the development of an entirely new organism. Is present in developing embryos during 1st-5th day. Only used in researching reproductive medicine. Identical twins are the result of when totipotent cstem cell in the embryo divide. |
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| stem cells that are capable of differentiating into any kind of body cell. Harvested in the inner cell mass of the embryo at the blastocyst stage (6-10days) |
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| stem cells with limited potenial but are still capable of differentiating into many types of cells. |
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| A hollow sphere made up of 100 cells. |
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| Blastocyst Parts: ICM, C and T |
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Inner cell mass/embryo
Blastocoel: fluid filled cavity
Trophoblast: the outer layer of the cell |
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| signaling molecules that influence the development and specialization of other neighborhood cells by activating different DNA programs |
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Cell-based therapies: -graphing tissues will decrease the need for organ donors.
-treating diseases -medical therapies
Testing new pharmaceuticle drugs: testing medications for safety (using pluripotent cell lines)
Understanding cell devision and development: -discovering the process that turns genes on and off e.g. control the rapid growth of white blood cells which is a result of leukemia -cancer and birth defects
uncovring mysteries of various diseases:
-learning specific mutations that cause desease |
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