Cell membrane

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a double-layered membrane that surrounds the cell. Also called the plasma membrane, it regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Centriole

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a bundle of microtubules that helps organize the movement of chromosomes during cell division.

Cytoplasm

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a jelly-like substance, composed mainly of water, occupying most of the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus.

Vacuole

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a type of vesicle that stores water, nutrients, and other chemicals. The large vacuole found in plant cells helps the cells maintain their shape.

Nucleus

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a round body in the center of the cell that contains DNA and directs the cell’s activities.

Endoplasmic reticulum

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a network of passageways in which chemical compounds are manufactured, processed, and transported.

Nucleolus

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a small body in the nucleus where ribosomes are synthesized.

Ribosome

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tiny structure where proteins are synthesized.

Lysosome

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a small sac, or vesicle, that contains digestive chemicals.

Vesicle

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small, sac-like package of nutrients, proteins, or water created by the Golgi apparatus. Types of vesicles include vacuoles and lysosomes.

Mitochondria

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organelles that, using oxygen, convert nutrients into energy that can be used by the cell.

Golgi apparatus

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a stack of membranes that collects, modifies, and packages chemical compounds. 

Nuclear membrane

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a double-layered membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus.

Plastid

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small structure that can store food (leucoplast) or pigment (chromoplast).

Cell wall

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the rigid, porous outer layer of a plant cell.

Chloroplast

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an organelle that converts the radiant energy of the Sun into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.