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cells-kierra hill
chap7vocab
40
Biology
9th Grade
02/18/2007

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Term
cell
Definition
collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surrounding;basic unit of all forms of life.
Term
cell theory
Definition
idea that all iving things are composed of cells,cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things,and new cells are produced from existing cells.
Term
nucleus
Definition
the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons;in cells,structure that contains the cell's genetic material(DNA)and controls the cell's activities.
Term
eukaryote
Definition
organsim whose cell contain nuclei.
Term
prokaryote
Definition
unicellular organism lacking a nucleus.
Term
organelle
Definition
specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell.
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
material inside the cell membrane-not including the nucleus.
Term
nuclear envelope
Definition
layer of two membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a cell.
Term
chromatin
Definition
granular material visible within the nucleus;consists of DNA tightly colied around protiens.
Term
chromosome
Definition
threadlike structure within the nucleus containg the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.
Term
chloroplast
Definition
oranelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.
Term
cytoskeleton
Definition
network of protien filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involed in many forms of cell movement.
Term
nucleolus
Definition
small,dense region within most nuclei which the assembly of protiens begins.
Term
ribosome
Definition
small particle in the cell on which protiens are assembled;made of RNA and protien.
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
internial membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some protiens are modified.
Term
golgi apparatus
Definition
stack of membranes in the cells that modifies,sorts,and packages protiens from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Term
lysosome
Definition
cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cells.
Term
vaculoe .
Definition
cell organelle that stores materials such as water,salts,protiens,and carbohydrates
Term
mitochondrion
Definition
cell organelle that converts the chemical energy srored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
Term
centriole
Definition
one of two tiny structures located in the cytopalsm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope.
Term
cell membrane
Definition
thin,flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
Term
cell wall
Definition
strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants,algae,and,some bacteria.
Term
concentration
Definition
the mass of solute in a given volume of sloution,or mass/vloume.
Term
lipid bilayer
Definition
double layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes.
Term
diffussion
Definition
process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated.
Term
equilibrium
Definition
when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution.
Term
osmosis
Definition
diffussion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
Term
isotonic
Definition
when the concentration of two dolutions is the same.
Term
hypertonic
Definition
when comparing two solutions,the solution with the greater concentration of solutes.
Term
hypotonic
Definition
when comparing two solutions,the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes.
Term
facilitated diffussion
Definition
movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protien channels.
Term
active transport
Definition
energy-requiring process that moves matrial across a cell membrane against a concentration diffrence.
Term
endocytosis
Definition
process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane.
Term
exocytosis
Definition
process by which a cell releases large amounts of material.
Term
phagocytosis
Definition
process in which extensions of take them into the cell.cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and
Term
pinocytosis
Definition
process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrouning enviroment.
Term
cell specialization
Definition
the process in which cells devlop in different ways to perform different tasks.
Term
tissue
Definition
group of similiar cells that perform a particular function.
Term
organ
Definition
group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions.
Term
organ systems
Definition
group of oragans that work together to perform a specific function.
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