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Cells Exam
Mrs. Werner's Honors Biology 9th Grade Period 10 Interboro
31
Biology
9th Grade
11/02/2011

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Term
Robert Hooke
Definition
Named Cells
Term
Robert Brown
Definition
Discovered the nucleus of a cell
Term
Mattias Schleiden
Definition
Determined all plants are made of cells
Term
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Definition
Determined all animals are made of cells
Term
Prokaryotic Cells
Definition
single celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other internal compartments
Term
Eukaryotic Cells
Definition
an organism whose cells have a nucleus
Term
Hydrophillic
Definition
attracted to water
Term
Hydrophobic
Definition
repelled by water
Term
Nucleus
Definition
controls most functions of the cell
Term
Nucleolus
Definition
a section in the nucleus that makes ribosomes
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
where proteins are made
Term
Rough ER
Definition
helps transport proteins that are made by the attached ribosomes
Term
Smooth ER
Definition
Makes lipids and breaks down toxic substances
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
a set of flattened membrane bound sacs that serves as the packaging and distribution center of the cell
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
small,spherical organelles that contain the cell's digestive enzyme
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
an organelle that harvest energy from organic compounds to ATP
Term
ATP
Definition
Energy currency of cells
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
helps support and maintain the cell's shape, protects the cell from damage and connects the cell with adjacent cells
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
organelles that use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water
Term
Central Vacuole
Definition
a large membrane bound space that stores water, ions, nutrients, and waste
Term
Concentration Gradient
Definition
A difference in concentration (Amount) of substance across a space
Term
Passive Transport
Definition
movement across the cell membrane that does not require energy from the cell
Term
Selectively Permeable
Definition
allows only certain substances in the cell's environment to pass through
Term
Diffusion
Definition
the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Term
Osmosis
Definition
the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
moves out of cell, shrinks
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
moves into cell, swells
Term
Isotonic
Definition
moves in and out of the cell, stays the same
Term
Active transport
Definition
the transport of a substance (low to high) its concentration gradient that uses energy
Term
Endocytosis
Definition
the movement of a substance into a cell by a vesicle
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
the movement of substance by a vesicle to the outside of a cell
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