Term
|
Definition
An organ is a group of tissues that work together to perform a task.
An organelle is a cell part that acts like a miniature
organ inside the cell.
Other words that use organ as a root word include:
organism and
organic. |
|
|
Term
Animal cells and plant cells look different but have many
similar features.
Please list three of them: |
|
Definition
- cell membrane
- a nucleus
- cytoplasm
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
It is the outer covering of the cell.
Water and food enter through the cell mebrane, and wastes leave through it.
Plant cells have an additional structure called
the cell wall.
The cell wall gives extra support to a plant cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The nucleus is the control center for the cell.
It carries information for reproduction and directs all cell activities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
It is a gel like material that surrounds all parts of the cell within the membrane.
It contains the nucleus and the cell's organelles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Plant cells have a special organelle called the chloroplast.
In a chlorplast the energy of sunlight works to combine water and carbon dioxide to make food for the cell. |
|
|
Term
List two types of cell transportation |
|
Definition
- active transportation
- passive transportation
|
|
|
Term
Explain passive cell transportation |
|
Definition
Materials move into or out of the cell without the cell using any energy.
The simplest kind of passive transportation is diffusion.
|
|
|
Term
What is diffusion in context of passive
cell transportation? |
|
Definition
It is a process that spreads substances through a gas or liquid. Ex.: you can smell dinner across the room because food molecules diffuse through the air.
Diffusion also transports many gases into and out of the cells.
Substances diffuse from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
It is a specialized form of diffusion.
It is the diffusion of water across the membrane.
It allows water to pass a barrier, but bars other substances.
Osmosis keeps water inside cells.
|
|
|
Term
What is an active cell transportation?
|
|
Definition
Substances move from regions of low concentration to high concentration. It requires the cell to expend energy.
Often, large proteins in the cell membrane help move materials.
The proteins may act as tunnels that allow only certain materials to pass.
Scientists study these proteins for clues to how the cell operates. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The cells can copy themselves. This process is called cell division.
Organism make new cells by cell division.
As cells divide, they differentiate, which means they become different from one another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
You began as a single cell. New idividuals begin when cells from two parents combine to form a new cell. Soon, the single cell divides into two cells. Millions of divisions occur as the cells become a complete adult organism.
As cells divide, they differentiate, which means they become different from one another. The cells organize themselves into three groups, called germ layers.
One germ layer will form the skin and nerves.
The other germ layer becomes the lining of the digestive tract.
The third layer produces all other body parts, including bones, muscles, kidneys, lungs, and the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
It is the smallest structure that carries out all the activities necessary for life.
All cells contain structures that serve different functions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In both plants and animals, mitochondria perform a process called respiration in which energy from sugars is stored in ATP molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
It is a process to make food by harnessing the energy of sunlight.
It takes place in organelles called chloroplasts. Inside these organelles is a green pigment called chlorophyll. And chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight. |
|
|
Term
Explain the process of photosynthesis. |
|
Definition
A series of chemical reactions join water from the ground with carbon dioxide from the air.
The products are
- oxygen, which the plant releases into the air, and a
- molecule called glucose.
Glucose is an example of a sugar, a high-energy compound |
|
|
Term
How do plants and animals use glucose and other sugars?
|
|
Definition
They break down sugars for their energy in organelles called mitochondria.
Mitochondria perform cell respiration, the reverse reaction of photosynthesis.
This process combines glucose with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide. A lot of energy is released int eh process.
Mitochondria store this energy in a molecule called ATP. The cell can tap into ATP whenever it needs to use energy. |
|
|
