Term
| Name 5 features of animal and plant cells |
|
Definition
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 features found only in plant cells |
|
Definition
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
(Lrage) vacuole |
|
|
Term
| Why do plant cells have a cell wall and large vacuole? |
|
Definition
| To contribute to the structure of the organism |
|
|
Term
| What is a specialised cell? |
|
Definition
| A cell with specific features to perform a particular job |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of a red blood cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are red blood cells specialised? |
|
Definition
No nucleus
Biconcave shape
Helps them carry more oxygen |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of a root hair cell? |
|
Definition
| Uptake of water and mineral ions |
|
|
Term
| How are root hair cells specialised? |
|
Definition
Projections (hairs) increase surface area
Helps increase uptake of water and mineral ions |
|
|
Term
| When are most animal cells differentiated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the cell membrane? |
|
Definition
| Controls the materials that pass into and out of the cell |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the cytoplasm? |
|
Definition
| Where many chemical reactions take place |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of mitochondria? |
|
Definition
| Transfer of energy during respiration |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the nucleus? |
|
Definition
| Contains genetic information, which controls the cell and is passed on to the next generation |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of ribosomes? |
|
Definition
| Involved in protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of specialised cells working together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of tissues working together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of organs, and sometimes tissues, working together |
|
|
Term
| What is a concentration granient? |
|
Definition
| A change from an area of higher concentration to an area of ower concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of particles down a concentration gradient, from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of water particles down a concentration gradient, from a high water potential to a low water potential, through a partially-permeable membrance |
|
|
Term
| What is active transport? |
|
Definition
Movement of particles against a concentration gradient
This process requires an energy transfer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Less solute inside cell, more outside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| More solute inside the cell, less outside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Same amount of solute inside and outside the cell |
|
|
Term
| Name 5 types of cell found in a leaf |
|
Definition
Upper epidermis
Pallisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Lower epidermis
Guard cell |
|
|
Term
| Describe the specialisation of upper epidermis cells |
|
Definition
| Produces a waxy cuticle layer to reduce water loss by evaporation |
|
|
Term
| Describe the specialisation features of pallisade mesophyll cells |
|
Definition
Column shape allows close packing (no gaps)
Many chloroplasts |
|
|
Term
| Describe the specialisation features of spongy mesophyll cells |
|
Definition
Shape leaves air gaps
Wet surface improves gas exchange |
|
|
Term
| Describe the specialisation of guard cells |
|
Definition
Contains chloroplasts so reponds to light levels
Sausage shape opens stoma when turgid, closes stoma when flaccid |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of pallisade mesophyll cells? |
|
Definition
| Efficient absorption of light for photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of spongy mesophyll cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of guard cells? |
|
Definition
| Opens and closes stomata to maximise gas exchange but also reduce water loss by evaporation |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of xylem? |
|
Definition
| Transport water and mineral ions from roots to leaves |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of phloem? |
|
Definition
| Transport sugars and amino acids from leaves to the rest of the plant |
|
|
Term
| Is the blood in the left ventricle oxygenated or de-oxygenated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the blood in the right ventricle oxygenated or de-oxygenated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the blood in the left atrium oxygenated or de-oxygenated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the blood in the right atrium oxygenated or de-oxygenated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does blood in the left ventricle get pumped to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does blood in the right ventricle get pumped to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does blood in the left atrium come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does blood in the right atrium come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the aorta an artery or a vein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the vena cava and artery or a vein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pulmonary artery takes blood from ________ to _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The aorta takes blood from ________ to _________ |
|
Definition
| Left ventricle to the rest of the body |
|
|
Term
| The pulmonary vein takes blood from ________ to _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vena cava takes blood from ________ to _________ |
|
Definition
| Rest of the body to the right atrium |
|
|
Term
| Does the aorta carry oxygentated or de-oxygenated blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does the vena cava carry oxygentated or de-oxygenated blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does the pulmonary artery carry oxygentated or de-oxygenated blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does the pulmonary vein carry oxygentated or de-oxygenated blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do the coronary arteries carry oxygentated or de-oxygenated blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the coronary arteries? |
|
Definition
| To supply (oxygenated) blood to the heart muscle tissue |
|
|
Term
| Where does digestion begin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme does saliva contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the tube connecting the mouth to the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the pancreas? |
|
Definition
| Produces digestive enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What role does the liver play in digestion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where in the digestive system is digested food absorbed? |
|
Definition
| Ileum (part of small intestine) |
|
|
Term
| Where in the digestive system is water reabsorbed? |
|
Definition
| Colon (part of large intestine) |
|
|
Term
| Where in the digestive system are faeces stored? |
|
Definition
| Rectum (part of large intestine) |
|
|
Term
| Where in the digestive system do faeces leave the alimentary canal? |
|
Definition
| Anus (part of large intestine) |
|
|
Term
| Amylase breaks down _______ into ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lipase breaks down _______ into ________ |
|
Definition
| Fats into free fatty acids and glycerol |
|
|
Term
| Protease breaks down _______ into ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What name is given to the upper chambers of the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What name is given to the lower chambers of the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes does a normal human cell have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many pairs of chromosomes does a normal human cell have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many new cells are produced in mitosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many new cells are produced in meiosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes are in human cells produced in mitosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes are in human cells produced in meiosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the biological term for a sex cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes does a normal human gamete have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are gametes haploid or diploid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are normal human cells haploid or diploid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the process that produces gametes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A section of DNA that codes for a particular protein |
|
|
Term
| How many bases does DNA contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the bases that DNA contains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many bases are needed to code for an amino acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship between amino acids and proteins? |
|
Definition
| Amino acids are assembled into proteins? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Long thread of DNA containing many genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The entire genetic information for an organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A change in the sequence of DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A particular version of a gene |
|
|
Term
| What does homozygous mean? |
|
Definition
| Only one version of a gene: alleles are identcal |
|
|
Term
| What does heterozygous mean? |
|
Definition
| Two versions of a gene: alleles are different |
|
|
