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Membrane bound organelle that contains chromosomes (Chromatin condensed into a compact structure which codes for protein) and controls the structure and function of the cell. |
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Rna and Protein in two subunits. These subunits become the particles that carry out protein synthesis. Ribosomes are often attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, but they also occur free floating in the cytoplasm. In groups ribosomes are called polyribosomes. Protein synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum have a different final destination than protein synthesized elsewhere. |
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| Studded with ribosomes on the side of the membrane that faces the cytoplasm. Here proteins are synthesized and enter the ER interior, where processing modification can begin. |
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Continuous with rough, Endoplasmic Reticulum does not have attached ribosomes. Smooth Er synthesizes the phospholipids that occur in membranes and has various other functions, depending on the particular cell. In testes it produces testosterone, in the liver it helps detoxify drugs…etc
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Where proteins and lipids are received from the
Endoplasmic Reticuluim are modified. The vesicles that leave the Golgi apparatus move to other parts of the cell. The Golgi apparatus is involved in processing, packaging, and secretion. |
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Membranous sacs produced by the Golgi Apparatus contain hydrolytic enzymes. Lysomes are found in all cells of the body but are particularly numerous in white blood cells that engulf disease-causing microbes. Lysomes break down parts of the cell in a process called auto-digestion. Contains digestive enzymes that break down cell parts or substances entering through vesicles.
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Powerhouse of the cell, membrane bound organelle in which ATP molecular are produced during the process of cellular respiration. The matrix of the Mitochondria contains enzymes for breaking down glucose products. ATP production then occurs at the cristae.
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What is the function of the mitochondria? |
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Often called the powerhouse of the cell, just as a powerhouse burns fuel to produce electricity, the Mitochondria convert the chemical energy of glucose products into the chemical energy of ATP. This process is called Cellular Respiration using up oxygen, and giving off carbon dioxide. |
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What are the two major Kinds of Cells? |
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cell lacking membrane bound organelles and a membrane bound nucleus. Very disorganized but efficient. About 5000 different kinds. |
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is a cell that contains true organelles and nucleus bound by membranes (separated by boundaries)
1. May be plant: cell wall, chloroplasts
2. May be animal: cell membrane |
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The body is composed of various kinds of eukaryotic cells... each with different capabilities.
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| 5.Actin Filaments/ Microfilaments |
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| 7.Smooth Endoplasmic Retciulium |
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9. Cell Wall/ Plasma Membrane |
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| 13. Nuclear Envelope/membrane |
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[image]Offer protection and support
[image]Nonliving
[image]Freely permeable
[image]Fungal cell walls are made up of chitin
[image]Plant cell walls are made up of cellulose/lignin |
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1. Phospholipid bilayer: membranes are composed of two layers of lipid-phosphate molecules in which are scattered various proteins and carbohydrates
2. Encases all living cells
3.Its basic structure is represented by the fluid-mosaic model
4. Selectively Permeable |
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Top of the bilayer
Hydrophilic-Means cabable of forming bonds with water
[image] |
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Tail end of the bilayer
Hydrophobic meaning they do not form bonds with water.
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[image]Extend all the way across the bilayer
[image]Provide channels/pores in and out of the cell |
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Project from the surface of the membrane
Act as enzymes or receptors
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[image]
is a cellular scaffolding or skeleton contained within a cell's cytoplasm |
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The thinest filaments of the Cytoskelton
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involved in maintaining structure of the cell and together with microfilaments and intermediate filaments, they form the cytoskeleton
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small cylindrical bodies composed of groups of microtubles arranged at right angles to each other. (“T” shaped). Centrioles form the mitotic spindle in mitosis for cell reproduction.
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hairlike extensions that project from the surface of certain kinds of cells. Cilia are much shorter in length than flagella. Both can function in whiplike motion to move the cell; cilia can also move substances across the cell surface.
ie. Trachea- cilia lined Sperm- flagellated
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| TISSUES ARE GROUPS OF SIMILAR CELLS PERFORMING A COMMON FUNCTION |
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WHAT ARE THE FOUR CATEGORIES OF TISSUES? |
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EPITHELIAL TISSUE
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
NERVOUS TISSUE
MUSCLE TISSUE |
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WHAT ARE THE PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES OF EPITHEIAL TISSUE CELLS? |
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CLOSELY PACKED FLAT CELLS |
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EPITHEAL TISSUE IS AVASCULAR, WHAT DOES AVASCULAR MEAN? |
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HOW DOES NURTIANT AND WASTE EXCHANGE OCCUER IN EPITHEIAL TISSUE? |
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THROUGH NEIGHBORING CONNECTIVE TISSUES BY DIFFUSION |
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UPPER SURFACE OF EPITHELIUM |
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IS FREE, OR EXPOSED TO THE OUTSIDE OF THE BODY OR BODY CAVITY |
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BASAL SURFACE OF EPITHELIUM |
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RESTS ON CONNECTIVE TISSUE |
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WHAT ARE THE BASEMENT MEMBRANES? |
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A THIN EXTRACELLULAR LAYER, THAT FORMS BETWEEN THE EPITHELIAL AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE |
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WHAT ARE THE TWO KINDS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES? |
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COVERING OR LINING EPITHELIUM WHICH COVERS OR LINES SURFACES OF THE BODY AND LINES INTERNAL ORGANS
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM SECRETES HORMONES OR OTHER BODILY SECRETIONS |
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