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| an individual animal, plant or life form. |
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| a substance that provides nourishment essential for for growth and the maintenance of life. |
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| the chemical process that occurs within a living organism in order to maintain life. |
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| a thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue . |
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| the arrangement of and relations between the parts of elements of something complex |
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| an activity or purpose natural to or intended for a person or thing. |
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| a part of an organism thaqt is typicaly self contained and has a specific vital function such as the heart or liver in a human |
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| is a group of organs that work together to preform one or more function. each does a particular job in the body and is made up of certain tissues |
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| any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules. |
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| Compound Light Microscope |
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| an optical instrument for forming magnified images of small objects, consisting of an objective lens with a very short focal length and an eyepiece with a longer focal length, both lenses mounted in the same tube. |
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| the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic. |
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| any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products. |
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| the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. |
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| a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose. |
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| the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
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| a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material. |
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| a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid. |
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| any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. |
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| an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae). |
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| in green plant cells a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in witch photosynthesis takes place |
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| of an organism or part) having or consisting of many cells. |
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| the formation or presence of a single cell or cells. |
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| a microscopic organism, especially a bacterium, virus, or fungus |
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| a single-celled animal that catches food and moves about by extending fingerlike projections of protoplasm. |
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| a single-celled freshwater animal that has a characteristic slipperlike shape and is covered with cilia. |
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| short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. Cilia occur in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing currents in the surrounding fluid, or, in some protozoans and other small organisms, providing propulsion. |
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| short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. Cilia occur in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing currents in the surrounding fluid, or, in some protozoans and other small organisms, providing propulsion. |
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| the spreading of something more widely. |
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| Some cells in multicellular organisms are modified to carry out a particular function, |
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| Small pliable cells that have nucleus and are specilized for carrying oxygen to all the cells of the body |
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| describes a membrane with very small openings that allow particles ofsome substances, but not others, to pass through |
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| diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
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| physical breakdown of food into small particles |
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| breakdown of large food particles into smaller particles by enzymes |
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| substance created by the body to carry out chemical digestion |
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| wave-like muscle contractions along the digestive system |
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Definition
liquid in stomach made of mucus,
hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and water;
chemically digests food |
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| small finger-like projections on the innersurface of the small intestine that absorb nutrients |
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| finger-like projections on the cells thatline the villi |
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Definition
large muscle below the lungs that
helps move air in and out of the lungs;part that changes the size of a camera’s aperture; it varies the amount of light that reaches the film |
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Definition
two main branches of the trachea that
lead into the lungs (singular bronchus) |
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Definition
tubes that connect the bronchi to the
air sacs in the lungs |
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Definition
| tiny air-filled sacs in the lungs; the site ofgas exchange |
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| upper chambers of the heart that receiveblood from the body and lungs |
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Definition
lower chambers of the heart that pump
blood to the body |
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Definition
thick-walled blood vessels that take
blood away from the heart to the rest of the body |
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Definition
| blood vessels that return blood from the body to the heart; have valves |
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Definition
blood cells specialized to fight
infection |
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cell fragments in the blood that help
stop bleeding at cuts |
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| poisonous substance converted from highly toxic ammonia by the liver |
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Definition
filtering units of the kidney that
remove wastes from the blood and produce urine |
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Definition
removal of waste products from the
blood using a machine that functions as a kidney |
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| tissue of the brain, spinal chord,and nerves |
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Definition
specialized cells of the nervous system
that receive and transmit information |
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small branches of a neuron that receive
information from neighbouring cells |
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| long extension of a neuron’s cell body that transmits information to neighbouring cells |
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| division of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal chord |
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| Peripheral Nervous System |
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| division of the nervous system composed of the cranial andspinal nerves |
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division of the peripheral nervous system that controls
voluntary responses |
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division of the
peripheral nervous system that controls
automatic responses in the body, such as heart rate |
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Definition
disease that produces a rash and high
fever and can cause blindness and death; the firstdisease to be controlled by a vaccine |
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| substance that is taken by or injected into an animal or person to produce an immunity to a disease; usually prepared from a mild formof the disease |
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| dark sticky substance formed when tobaccoburns |
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Definition
colourless, odourless gas that
is released when a cigarette burns |
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Definition
addictive drug found in cigarettes that
speeds up the heart and raises blood pressure |
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Definition
disease in which mucus builds up in
the bronchi and causes them to become narrower |
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Definition
disease that causes damage to lung
tissue, causing shortness of breath |
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Definition
growth of tumours, which take up
space in the lungs, making breathing difficult |
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| painful sores on the stomach lining often caused by the micro-organism |
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