Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Located on surface of membrane |
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Term
| Peripheral Protein Function |
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Definition
| Enzyme, muscle cell movement, cell recognition |
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Term
| Integral Protein Function |
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Definition
| Transports material in and out of cell |
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Term
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Definition
| The phospholipids constantly move, and some proteins do as well |
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Term
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Definition
| Diffusion of water through a membrane |
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Term
| Hypertonic Solution (from aspect of solution) |
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Definition
| more solute in environment than in cell (cell shrinks) |
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Term
| Hypotonic Solution (from aspect of solution) |
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Definition
| less solute in the environment than the cell (cell bursts) |
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Term
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Definition
| Has more water than the surroundings |
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Term
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Definition
| has less water than the surroundings |
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Term
| Molecules that are moved by facilitated diffusion |
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Definition
| large, highly polar, or highly charged |
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Term
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Definition
molecule binds to specific protein and uses no energy.
glucose fructose galactose urea and some vitamins |
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Term
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Definition
substance binds to specific protein using up an ATP.
Phosphate group attaches to the protein and changes shape. |
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Term
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Definition
modification of cell membrane phospholipid bilayer.
exocytosis and endocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| vesicle fuses with cell membrane (Neurotransmitters, hormones, and enzymes) |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane surrounds particle and forms vesicle and pinches off (phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor mediated endocytosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| eating bacteria, viruses, or dead cells |
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Term
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Definition
| drinking water and solutes |
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Term
| Receptor mediated endocytosis |
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Definition
| vitamins, hormones, antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| has nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, contains chromosomes, nucleolus, |
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Term
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Definition
| contains units of heredity and directs cells activities |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA and Histone Protein used in gene regulation |
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Term
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Definition
| site of ribosomal synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Most numerous organelle
No membrane.
forms proteins and has 2 subunits |
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Term
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Definition
Complex system of internal membranes
Rough and Smooth |
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Term
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Definition
no ribosomes
Lipid production and Calcium storage |
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Term
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Definition
has ribosomes
site of protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Loosely packed membrane sacks
packages for the cells by vesicles from the end. |
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Term
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Definition
large kidney shaped powerhouse
has its own DNA and a double membrane
inner membrane is site of ATP synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Short power strokes to move cell and move things along cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Whip like hair for movement |
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Term
|
Definition
found in cytoplasm next to nucleus
pull chromatids across cell to chromosomes |
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Term
|
Definition
network of Protein filaments
holds organelles in place
fluid, not static |
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Term
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Definition
| Uncoiled DNA wrapped around proteins during normal activity |
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Term
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Definition
Rod shaped bodies seen during cell division
Condensed Chromatin
Two of these compose a chromatid |
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Term
|
Definition
separate strands of a DNA particle before anaphase
connected by a centromere |
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Term
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Definition
| G1 Phase, S phase, G2 Phase, Mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
Intense growth
cell organelles replicate
enzymes are produced |
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Term
|
Definition
DNA is replicated (semiconservative)
each strand is connected by a centromere |
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Term
|
Definition
Centriole replicates
Chromatin begins to condense |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of G1, S, and G2 |
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Term
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Definition
Chromosomes begin to appear
Nuclear envelope begins to disappear
Centrioles migrate to poles of cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Everything is formed (spindle, chromosomes) for mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromosomes line up along equatorial line |
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Term
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Definition
Centromeres separate on Chromatid pairs
Chromatids (now called chromatids) separate |
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Term
|
Definition
Chromosomes reach opposite poles
nuclear envelope reforms
spindle disappears
chromosomes unwind |
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Term
|
Definition
accompanies nuclear division
splitting of cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| term for the three letter word in DNA that codes for amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| 20 amino acids, 1 start and 1 stop codon |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
DNA is unzipped and mRNA is made
RNA polymerase connects nucleotides |
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Term
|
Definition
Occurs on ribosome
mRNA is processed and ribosome binds to tRNA to bring in amino acids for a polypeptide chain
(mRNA-codon, tRNA-anticodon=original DNA) |
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Term
|
Definition
genes are fragmented among different loci and chromosomes
74-94% code for RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| group of cells that have similar origin in the embryo |
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Term
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Definition
Next to an open space
lots of cells packed together with little space in between
basement membrane composed of collagen fibers |
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Term
|
Definition
| protein with quarternary structure a triple helix |
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Term
|
Definition
secretes products by exocytosis
sweat and salivary glands |
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Term
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Definition
cells rupture and release contents
oil glands |
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Term
|
Definition
top part of cell pinches off and becomes secretion
mammary glands |
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Term
|
Definition
most abundant tissue in the body
cells are widely scattered
lots of intercellular matrix |
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Term
| Connective tissue Function |
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Definition
| support, protection, binding organs together, separates structures, and transport |
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Term
|
Definition
fibroblasts are most numerous
cells are embedded in fluid intercellular matrix |
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Term
|
Definition
connective proper
fibers and white blood cells for immune response
semifluid matrix
present throughout the body |
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Term
|
Definition
fat storage
below skin and around organs protection
reduces heat loss |
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Term
|
Definition
closely packed fibers
covers bone and organs
tendons and ligaments |
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Term
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Definition
stretchy and branched fibers
walls of arteries |
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Term
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Definition
web like fibers
supports organs |
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Term
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Definition
capable of enduring stress
dense network of fibers in jelly substance
between bones, eustachian tubes, nose
Three types: hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
has lacunae
fibers are root like |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
fibers and mineral salts of calcium and phosphorous
storage, blood production, support, and protection |
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Term
|
Definition
liquid connective tissue
plasma and elements |
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Term
|
Definition
highly specialized for contraction
for movement, heat production, and posture |
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Term
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Definition
attached to bones for movement
striated and voluntary |
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Term
|
Definition
walls and tubes of hollow organs
not striated and involuntary
churns stomach fluids and moves materials |
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Term
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Definition
self stimulating
striated and involuntary |
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Term
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Definition
| neruons and supporting cells |
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Term
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Definition
highly specialized for recieving stimuli
translates it to impulses |
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Term
|
Definition
external covering of body 20sqft
Three divisions: epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
maintains body temp, protection, stimulus percetipon, excretion and vitamin D synthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
4-5 layers squamous epithelium
4 cell types:keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells, and merkel cells |
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Term
|
Definition
90% of all skin cells
produces keratin
tightly attached to one another |
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Term
|
Definition
8% of skin cells
produces melanin which protects from UV radiation |
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Term
|
Definition
aid in immune response
develop in bone marrow and migrate to epidermis
helps T-cells
damaged easily by UV |
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Term
|
Definition
in the stratum basale of hairless skin
contacts the tactile sensory neuron
for touching |
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Term
|
Definition
single row of cuboidal or columnar cells
produces keratinocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
8-10 rows of polyhedral cells with spines on the surface
keratinocytes take in melanin by endocytosis
middle layer of epidermis |
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Term
|
Definition
3-5 layers of squamous cells
has keratohyalin (precursor to keratin) |
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Term
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Definition
protein found in outer layer
protects against injury |
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Term
|
Definition
only found in thick skin of palms and soles
3-5 layers of clear flat dead cells with indistinct boundaries |
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Term
|
Definition
most superficial layer
25-30 rows of flat dead cells filled with keratin
new surface every 1-2 weeks
barrier against environment |
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Term
|
Definition
contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and gland
composed of collagen and elastic fibers |
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Term
|
Definition
Dermis
areolar tissue with elastic fibers
dermal papillae increases SA
Meissner's corpuscles (touch)
dermal papillae gives finger prints |
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Term
|
Definition
Dermis
gives ability to stretch and resume strength
dense irregular collagen
coarse elastic fibers
hair follicles, oil glands, sweat gland ducts, adipose |
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Term
|
Definition
subcutaneous layer that connects dermis to organs
contains pacinein or lamellated corpuscles (pressure and vibration)
composed of loose fibrous, and supplied with lymph and blood vessels |
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Term
|
Definition
| combination of melanin (epidermis), carotene (dermis and epidermis), blood capillaries |
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Term
|
Definition
located in the stratum basale
all people have the same # of melanocytes
UV exposure stimulates melanin production |
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Term
|
Definition
synthesized from tyrosine & tyrosinease
UV increases production
protects the body from UV |
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Term
|
Definition
most common form of cancer
half of cancer diagnoses in the west |
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Term
|
Definition
yellowish orange pigment
precursor of Vit. A
in stratum Corneum and Fatty areas of dermis and subcutaneous |
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Term
|
Definition
sweat glands
2 types: eccrine and apocrine |
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Term
|
Definition
(sudiferous) most common gland
located everywhere, functions throughout life
maintains body temp and excretes waste |
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Term
|
Definition
(sudiferous) only in armpit, pubic area, behind ears and nips
located in dermis/subcutaneous
open to hair follicles
starts at puberty and is thicker than eccrine glands
odorous. comes during emotional stress and sexual excitement (mammary and ceruminous are modifications) |
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Term
|
Definition
| produces ear wax (apocrine modification) sudiferous |
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Term
|
Definition
| protection, insulation, camoflace, tactile sense (root hair plexus) |
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Term
|
Definition
| nerve wrapped around hair that detects movement |
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Term
|
Definition
| 70-100 per day. caused by illness, diet, fever, surgery, blood loss, emotional stress, childbirth |
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Term
|
Definition
| (sudiferous-apocrine) oil gland that produces sebum. softens hair and skin. opens to hair follicle |
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Term
|
Definition
| oily mix of fat, cholesterol, proteins, pheromones and inorganic salts |
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Term
|
Definition
| superficial portion of hair |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| enlarged base of the root |
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Term
|
Definition
| indentation of the root base |
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Term
|
Definition
| on top of the papilla that generates the hair |
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Term
|
Definition
| smooth muscles that raise and lowers hair |
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Term
|
Definition
due to melanin produced in matrix
dark=melanin
red=iron
blone=sulfur
gray=no melanin
white=bubbles |
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Term
|
Definition
| melanocyte stem cells divide but differentiate to melanocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
epidermal derivative
protection, picking up, and scratching |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| semicircle at base of digit |
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Term
|
Definition
| portion embedded in the digit |
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Term
|
Definition
| growing layer of the nail |
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Term
|
Definition
| epidermis attached to the nail |
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