Term
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Definition
the movement of H+ back into the matrix during the electron transport chain/oxydative phosphorylation |
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Term
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Definition
the components of the proteins in the electron transport chain; contain trace metals |
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Term
cytochrome C and coenzyme Q |
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Definition
shuttle the electrons from one protein in the electron transport chain to the next |
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Term
protein that generates ATP by letting H+ back into the matrix |
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Definition
ATP synthase
- f-class transport
- has two subunits: F0 is the channel, F1 is the catalytic subunit (actually generates the ATP) |
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Term
why does NADH generate more ATP than FADH2? |
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Definition
both of them work by becoming oxydized and donating their electrons to the electron transport chain, which in turn generates energy to push H+ into the intermembrane space. FADH2 comes in later in the cycle; therefore it only generates 2ATP while NADH generates 3ATP |
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Term
Boyer's binding-change mechanism |
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Definition
theory as to how ATPsynthase works
- F1 has 3 pockets, which squish phosphate and ADP together as they rotate. When they have rotated 120 degrees it has used 4 protons -- ergo, 4 protons make 1 ATP |
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Term
how are fats converted to energy? |
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Definition
the glycerol backbone is broken down in glycolysis; the fatty acid chains become acetyl CoA |
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Term
how do proteins get turned into energy? |
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Definition
like fatty acids, they become acetyle CoA |
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Term
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Definition
energy generated from the breakdown of organic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
basically reverse glycolysis to generate glucose in an emergency
- happens in the liver
- need a lot of ATP to do this; sacrificing energy |
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Term
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Definition
the trick some bacteria use to get their nitrogen from atmospheric nitrogen |
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Term
how does one make nonessential amino acids? |
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Definition
through the breakdown of glucose; the products can be converted to amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
a disease that results from the buildup of one sort of amino acid when there is a deficiency of the enzyme that converts it into a different amino acid |
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Term
how does one aquire nucleotides? (3) |
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Definition
- synthesized from carbohydrates/amino acids
- aquired from dietary sources
- reused after nucleic acid breakdown |
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