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Cell Vocabulary
Cell Vocab. Parts of a cell. 21/23
23
Biology
9th Grade
10/08/2008

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Term
Nucleus
Definition
Membrane bounded organelle in a eukaryotic cell that may have evolved as a result of the invagination of the plasma membrane;controls the structure and function of the cell.
Term
Chromatin
Definition
Grainy strands of fibris that condense into chromosomes just before a cell divides;consists of DNA and protein
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
structure consisting of DNA complexed with proteins that transmits genetic information from the previous generation of cells and organisms to the next generation.
Term
Nucleolus
Definition

a dark region in the chromatin  where subunits of ribosomes are produced

 

 

 

Term
Nuclear Envelope
Definition
double membrane with nuclear pores that encloses the nucleus
Term
Nuclear Pores
Definition
opening in the nuclear envelope that permits the passage of proteins into the nucleus and ribosomal subunits out of the nucleus.
Term
Ribosomes
Definition

non-membrane bounded organelles where protein synthesis occurs; composed of two subunits(one big,one small)

 

carrys out protein synthesis

Term
ER
Definition
consists of complicated systems of membranous channels and saccules, is physically continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope
Term
Rough ER
Definition
has attached ribosomes and synthesizes proteins;from vesicles
Term
Smooth ER
Definition
no attached ribosomes, synthesizes lipids;form vesicles
Term
Golgi apparatus
Definition
organelle consisting of saccules and vesicles that processes,packages, and distributes molecules about or from the cell;receives stuff from ER
Term
Lysosomes
Definition

Membrane bounded vesicles produced by the golgi apparatus;digests macromolecules and even cell parts

*recycles cellular material and destroys non-functioning ones

 

*only in animal cells

Term
Vessicles
Definition
small, membranous sacs that store substances within a cell
Term
Peroxisomes
Definition

membrane bounded sac is a string of ribosomes simutaneously synthesizing same protein

*encloses enzymes

Term
Vacuoles
Definition

membranous sacs larger than vessicles 

*stores nutrients and waste products, gives support to plant cells

 

 

 

 

 

 

Term
Chloroplast
Definition

uses solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates; type of plastid

 carrys out photosynthesis,creating sugars

 

 

*only in plants

Term
Mitochondria
Definition
organelle that carries out celluar respiration, producing ATP molecules
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
Internal framework of the cell; consisting of microtubules
Term
Actin filaments
Definition
long, extremely thin, flexible fibers that occur in bundles and meshlike networks
Term
Intermediate Filaments
Definition
intermediate in size between actin filaments and microtubules; rope like assemble of fibrous polypeptides.
Term
Microtubules
Definition
small, hollow cylinders about 25 nm in diameter and from .2-.5 micro meters in length
Term
Cilia
Definition
shorter than flagella and are hair like projections that move in an undulating fashion, like a whip
Term
Flagella
Definition
hairlike projection that is bigger than cilia and had basal body guard
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