Term
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Definition
1. All cells have one
2. Controls what enters and leaves the cell by maintaining homeostasis
3. provides protection |
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Term
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Definition
2 layers of phospholipids
-head is polar
-tail is non-polar
-proteins are embedded in the membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| allow some molecules to pass through, but not all |
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Term
| Passive Transport (simple) |
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Definition
cell doesn't use energy
1. Diffusion
2. Facilitated diffusion
3. Osmosis (water across semi permeable membrane) |
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Term
| Active Transport (simple) |
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Definition
cell uses energy
-Bulk Transport
1. Endocytosis
2. Exocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
no energy used
-molecules move randomly
-molecules go from and area of high concentration to low concentration |
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Term
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Definition
-Random movement from area of high concentration -> low concentration
- Continues until molecules are evenly spread (equilibrium) |
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Term
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Definition
- Diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins found in the membrane
- They "select" molecules
- Transport larger or charged molecules |
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Term
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Definition
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
High-> low |
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Term
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Definition
Cell uses energy
- actively moves molecules where they are needed
low->high concentration |
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Term
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Definition
Transport proteins that require energy to do work
example) sodium/potassium pumps are important in nerve responses |
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Term
| Bulk Transport (Endocytosis) |
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Definition
1. Endocytosis: taking bulky material into a cell
-cell membrane in folds around particle
"cell eating"
-forms food vacuole
-this is how white blood cells eat bacteria |
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Term
| Bulk Transport (Exocytosis) |
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Definition
2. Exocytosis: forces material outside of cell in bulk
-membrane surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane
ex) hormones or waist released from cells |
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Term
| Types of Osmotic Solution |
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Definition
Isotonic- Stays the same
Hypotonic solution- more solute inside cell
-water goes into the cell
Hypertonic Solution- more solute outside cell
-water leaves the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| -giant molecules formed by polymerization in which large compounds are formed by smaller ones joining together |
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Term
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Definition
| monomers join together to form polymers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-made up of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a ratio of 1:2:1
-source of energy
used by plants and some animals for structural purpose |
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Term
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Definition
Carbohydrates)
-Single Sugars = glucose, galactose, fructose |
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Term
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Definition
Carbohydrates)
-Double sugars = maltose, sucrose, lactose |
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Term
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Definition
Carbohydrates)
-Many sugars= Glycogen (animal cells)
starch (plants), cellulose (plant cells) |
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Term
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Definition
- Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
-fats, oils, and waxes
-store energy
-form biological membrane,and waterproof coverings
-building blocks are 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol |
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Term
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Definition
- Contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
-building blocks are nucleotides
-2 kinds, DNA + RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| consist of 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
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Term
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Definition
Nucleic Acids)
-deoxyribonucleic acid
- 1 less oxygen than RNA |
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Term
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Definition
Nucleic Acids)
-ribonucleic acid |
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Term
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Definition
- Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
- Building blocks are amino acids
-proteins control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes
-form bones and muscle
-transport substances into or out of cells or help fight diseases |
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Term
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Definition
contain an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group , (-COOH)
-20 different amino acids are found in nature |
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