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| light microscope which magnify in stanges with multiple lenses |
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| transmission electron microscope |
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| electrons are sent through the sample, able to resolve images only .2 nm apart |
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| scanning electron microscope |
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| beams electrons on to cell surface, reflects image back; good for three dimensional scans |
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| part of cytoplasm that contains organic molecules and ions in solution |
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| cell wall, membrane, nucleoid (DNA), ribosomes, and cytoplasm |
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| 5 main structures in prokaryotic cell |
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| carry out protein synthesis |
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| make up bacterial cell wall |
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| complex multilayered cell wall bacteria; does not retain purple dye |
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| thick single layered cell wall in bacteria; holds purple dye |
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| peptoglycan is lacking in ___ |
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| archaea differ from bacteria because they lack ____ |
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| prokaryotic cells use this long threadlike structure for locomotion |
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| compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells; weaves through cell interior |
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| plant cells - fluid filled sac |
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| smaller sacs that store and transport materials |
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| eukaryotic cells are supported by internal protein scaffold |
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| dark staining zone in nucleus, region of much ribosomal RNA synthesis |
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| membrane around nucleus, continuous with the ER |
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| complex structure of cytoplasmic face,nuclear face, and central ring embedded in membrane |
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| intermediate filament fibers on inner surface of nuclear envelope |
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| dna organized around proteins |
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| protein the DNA wraps around |
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| little balls made up of DNA around a histone (beads on a string) |
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| cell's protein synthesis machines |
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| messenger RNA which carries info from DNA to ribosomes |
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| transfer RNA used in ribosome; caries amino acids |
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| largest of internal membranes |
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| newly synthesized proteins in ER modified by shortchain carbohydrates |
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| catalyze variety of lipids and steroid horomones |
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| smooth ER stores ___ in cells |
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Definition
| Ca+ stored in cells in this organelle |
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Definition
| also acts to detoxify foreign substances, like a liver (organelle) |
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| collection of Golgi bodies; collects and synthesizes molecules for use in other parts of cell |
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| side of Golgi that releases packaged, completed vesicles for use in the cell or for secretion |
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| golgi also synthesizes components for ___ |
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| location of synthesis of cell wall components |
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| contain digestive enzymes |
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| golgi produce this digestive vesicle |
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| where are lysosomes manufactured? |
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| loss of function of a single lysosomal enzyme causes this disease |
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| spherical organelle; contain digestive and detoxifying enzymes which produce hydrogen peroxide |
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| enzyme-bearing membrane enclosed vesicles |
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| special microbody in plants which converts fats to carbs |
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| membrane bounded storage structures |
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| membrane surrounding vacoule containing water (helps maintain tonicity) |
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| metabolize sugar into ATP |
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| folds of inner membrane of mitochondria |
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| space inside inner membrane of mitochondria |
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| space between the membranes in a mitochondria |
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| DNA are contained in this power-producing organelle |
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| mitochondria contain DNA or RNA? |
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| energy organelle in plant |
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| closed compartments of stacked membrane in chloroplast; contain thylakoids |
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| diskshaped structres with photsyntetic pigments |
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| plant organelle which lacks pigment, such as in root cells |
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| leucoplast which stores starch |
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| collective name for chloroplasts, leucoplasts, and amyloplasts |
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| endosymbiosis (theory of) |
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| theory that today's eukaryotic organelles were originally prokaryotic cells absorbed and integrated |
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| protein fibers that criscross cytoplasm |
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| another name for microfiliments |
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| actin filiments / microfiliments |
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| cytoskeleton part responsible for movements such as pinching and contracting |
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| larges of cytoskeletal elements |
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| proteins that polymerize to form the 13 subunits of microtubules |
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| most durable part of cytoskeleton; intermediate in size |
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| one protein which makes up intermediate filaments -> structural stability |
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| intermediate filiment type in epithelial cells, lining body cavities |
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| intermediate filiments of nerve cells |
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| microtubule organizing center; barrel shaped organelle |
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| ring shape structures of tubulin surrounding centriole |
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| microtububle organizing center |
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Definition
| structures on centriole which regulate the assembly of microtubles in animal celles |
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| nine triplets of microtubules form this barrel shaped structure |
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| molecular motor which pushes vesicle down microtuble within cell |
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| protein binds vesicles to the "motor" along the microtubule |
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| protein involved in muscle contraction ("crawling") |
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| flagella have __ structure |
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Definition
| 9 + 2 structure of microtubles |
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| where flagella meets cell |
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| 9+2 arrangement; short projections all around cell |
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| cell wall laid down when cell first grows |
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| sticky between inner cell wall and outer |
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| cell-cell connections in plants |
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| animal cells are surrounded by __ composed of glycoproteins that give strength and support |
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| protein embedded all the way through cell wall |
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| glycoprotein outside of cell membrane that connects integrin to extracellular matrix |
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| two proteins in extracellular matrix |
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