Term
| Magnification Calculation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the microscope objective lens power? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structures are visible at x40? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structures are visible at x100? |
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Definition
| Nucleus and Cell membrane |
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Term
| What structures are visible at x400? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why must the sample be thin? |
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Definition
| So that light can pass through. |
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Term
| Why must the sample be stained? |
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Definition
| Makes image clearer, makes structure more visible to identify specific structures |
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Term
| Why might staining be a disadvantage? |
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Definition
| Stain could be toxic and harm or damage the sample. |
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Term
| What is the function of a nucleus? |
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Definition
| Contains DNA which codes for protein synthesis. |
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Term
| Name the 5 structures of the nucleus? |
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Definition
-Nuclear envelope
-Nucleoplasm
-Chromatin
-Nucleolus
-Nuclear pores |
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Term
| Explain the functions of; Nuclear envelope, Nucleoplasm, Chromatin, Pores and nucleolus. |
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Definition
-N.E.-a double membrane which has pores to allow transport of mRNA and ribosomes out of the nucleus
-Nucleoplasm-jelly-like substance in the nucleus
-Nucleolus-small spherical body that synthesises rRNA. |
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Term
| What is the function of Mitochondria? |
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Definition
| Release ATP energy during aerobic respiration |
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Term
| Name the structures present in the mitochondria. |
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Definition
-Double membrane
-Cristae
-Matrix
-Small circle of DNA
-70S ribosomes |
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Term
| Explain the importance of those (Double membrane,Cristae,Matrix,Small circle of DNA,70S ribosomes) structures. |
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Definition
-Criste increase the S.A. for ATP synthesis
-Matrix contains enzymes and 70S ribosomes for ATP production-stages of aerobic respiration
-Dna allows self-replication |
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Term
| What is the function of ribosomes? |
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Definition
| Synthesise protein by reading the code on mMRNA in the cytoplasm. |
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Term
| What are structures of ribosomes? |
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Definition
-Large/Small sub-unit which are made of rRNA and protein
-Attached to RER |
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Term
| What is RER a network made of? |
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Definition
| Flattened membrane sacs (cisternae) connected to the nuclear envelope. |
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Term
| Why is it called rough ER? |
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Definition
| It is studded with ribosomes. |
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Term
| What is the function of RER? |
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Definition
| Protein synthesis and transport of proteins |
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Term
| What is the function of SER? |
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Definition
| Building and transporting lipids. |
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Term
| Golgi Body is a network of interconnected flattened sacs, receives protein-filled vesicles from RER. What else does it do? |
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Definition
| It then modifies and packages the proteins sorting them into new vesicles for secretion, lysosomes creation. |
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Term
| What are the 3 main function of the Golgi Body ? |
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Definition
-Modifying and packaging proteins
-Producing glycoprotein
-Forming lysosomes |
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Term
| What is the function of lysosomes? |
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Definition
| Break down old cell parts or ingested materials like bacteria engulfed by white blood cells. |
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Term
| How does the lysosomes break down ingested materials? |
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Definition
| It has hydrolytic enzymes made by Golgi Body. |
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Term
| What is the cell membrane made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the actual width of the cell membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which way do the hydrophilic heads point towards? |
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Definition
| Outwards interacting with tissue fluid/blood plasma. |
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Term
| Are all protein in the membrane globular or fibrous? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the partially embedded proteins called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the proteins that extend across both phospholipid layers called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part will be the uncharged part of the protein? |
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Definition
| Hydrophobic tails on the inside |
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Term
| Where are carbohydrates found in the membrane cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are glycoproteins attached to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the glycolipids attached to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are glycoprotein and glycolipids known as collectively? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the cholesterol found? |
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Definition
| Between the phospholipids |
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Term
| What does cholesterol do? |
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Definition
Control membrane fluidity;
-The more the less fluid (less movement) |
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Term
| Why is the cell membrane called the Fluid Mosaic Model? |
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Definition
Fluid-the phospholipids move around
Mosaic-Proteins vary in shape and size |
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Term
| Are all protein in the membrane globular or fibrous? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the partially embedded proteins called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the proteins that extend across both phospholipid layers called? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which part will be the uncharged part of the protein? |
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Definition
| Hydrophobic tails on the inside |
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Term
| Which part will be the charged part of the protein? |
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Definition
| Attracted to the hydrophilic heads |
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Term
| Where are carbohydrates found in the membrane cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are glycoproteins attached to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the glycolipids attached to? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are glycoprotein and glycolipids known as collectively? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where is the cholesterol found? |
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Definition
| Between the phospholipids |
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Term
| What does cholesterol do? |
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Definition
Control membrane fluidity;
-The more the less fluid (less movement) |
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Term
| Why is the cell membrane called the Fluid Mosaic Model? |
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Definition
Fluid-the phospholipids move around
Mosaic-Proteins vary in shape and size |
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Term
| Are centrioles found in plant cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of centrioles? |
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Definition
Form spindle fibre during cell division
Distribuite equal amount of genetic material among daughter cells |
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Term
| What does the plant's large central vacuole store? |
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Definition
-Water
-Maintain turgor pressure
-Bound by tonoplast membrane
-Store minarals
-Cell sap
-Glucose
-Amino acids
-Vitamins |
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Term
| How are the animals temporary vacuoles made? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the plant cell wall made of? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cell wall contains narrow pores which allows substances to move between them |
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Term
| Does chloroplast have a double membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Colorless jelly-like susbstance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the flattened sacs present in the stroma called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Stack of thylakoids connected by lamellae |
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Term
| What type of ribosomes do chloroplast have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the chlorophyll found? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of chloroplast? |
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Definition
| Site of photosynthesis convert light energy to chemical energy |
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Term
| What are prokaryotic cells? |
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Definition
| Single-celled organisms lacking membrane bound organelles such as nuclei with DNA free in the cytoplasm. |
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Term
| What are the organelles in prokaryotic cells? |
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Definition
-70S Ribosomes
-Cell membrane
-Sime capsule
-Cell wall-peptidoglycan
-Mesosome-respiration
-Flagellum
-Circular DNA
-Plasmid |
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Term
| What is the difference between the sizes of prokaryotes and eukeryotes? |
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Definition
Prok-1-10um
Euka-Up to 100 um |
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Term
| Do prokaryotes have a nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do proka or euka have 70S ribosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does proka or euka have binary fission? |
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Definition
Euka-Mitosis/Meiosis
Proka-Binary fission |
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Term
| Why are viruses described as acellular? |
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Definition
| They are not made of cells |
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Term
| Since they cannot replicate nucleic acid they can only reproduce inside a host cell. What do they do? |
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Definition
| Hijack the host cell's metabolism |
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Term
| What are viruses made up of? |
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Definition
-Lipid Capsule
-Protein Coat
-Nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) |
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Term
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Definition
| Viruses that attack bacteria |
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Term
| How can viruses be transmitted? |
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Definition
-Aerosol
-Insect Vectors
-Exchange of bodily fluids
-Bites |
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Term
| Specify the level of organisation? |
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Definition
-Atom
-Molecule
-Macromolecule
-Organelle
-Cell
-Tissue
-Organ
-Organ system
-Organism |
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Term
| What is the definition of tissue? |
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Definition
| An aggregation of specialised cells carrying out a specific function |
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Term
| What are the 4 primary tissues? |
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Definition
-Epithelial Tissues
-Muscle Tissues
-Connective tissues
-Nerve tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
-Squamous Epithelium- lining body cavities such as mouth and alveoli
-Cuboidal Epithelium-Lining kidney tubules and ducts of glands
-Columnar Epithelium-Lining stomach and intestines
-Ciliated Epithelium-Coulm shaped have hair like projections-trachea and oviduct |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects and anchors structures and gives strength. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nerve impulses cause muscle contraction causing muscle to shorten which turns normal when contraction ends. |
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Term
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Definition
| An aggregation of several tissues that carry out a specific function for the whole organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two or more different organs working together to provide a common function. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Specify some examples of plants. |
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Definition
Palisade Mesophyll cell
Guard Cells
Root Hair Cell |
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Term
|
Definition
-Xylem
-Phloem
-Palisade Mesophyll
-Spongy Mesophyll
-Upper Epidermis |
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Term
| Specify the function of Xylem |
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Definition
| Transport water and dissolved minerals |
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Term
| Specify the function of Phloem |
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Definition
| Transport of sucrose and amino acids |
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Term
| Specify the function of Palisade Mesophyll. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Specify the function of Spongy Mesophyll |
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Definition
| Some photosynthesis, provides air space foe diffusion of gases in and out of the leaf |
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Term
| Specify the function of Upper Epidermis |
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Definition
| Contains cell found on top of the surface of the leaf protected by waterproof waxy cuticle |
|
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Term
| specify the 4 Organs of Plants. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Specify the function of Flower |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Specify the function of Leaf. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Specify the function of Stem |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Specify the function of Roots. |
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Definition
| Mineral Uptake/Anchor plant to the soil. |
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