Term
| how many percent water is cytoplasm? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 3 components of the cytoskeleton? |
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Definition
1. Microfilaments
2. Intermediate filaments
3. microtubules |
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Term
| functions of cytoskeleton |
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Definition
1. gives cell its shape & allow it to have a variety of shapes
2. supports the structure of cell
3. drives cell movement |
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Term
| protein in the structure of microfilaments |
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Definition
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Term
| part of cytoskeleton that aids in cell movement and in division |
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Definition
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Term
| part of cytoskeleton, form microvili |
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Definition
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Term
| main role of intermediate filaments |
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Definition
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Term
| part of cytoskeleton; main structure protein- tubulin |
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Definition
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Term
| where are microtubules found? |
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Definition
1. flagella
2. cilia
3. centrosome |
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Term
| main function of microtubules |
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Definition
| move spindle fibers in cellular division |
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Term
| true/false: the centrosome is located near nucleus |
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Definition
| true: the centrioles pull chromosomes via spindle fibers during cell division |
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Term
| formation site for mitotic spindle and microtubules |
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Definition
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Term
| basic structure of centromere |
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Definition
| two perpendicular centrioles . Each is made of 9 clusters of 3 microtubules |
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Term
| explain 9+0 structure of centriole |
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Definition
| 9 clusters (of 3 microtubules) + 0 clusters in the middle |
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Term
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Definition
1. pericentriolar area: place of formation for mitotic spindle fibers and for microtubules
2. role in formation of cilia and flagella (through microtubules) |
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Term
| basal body of cilia and flagella |
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Definition
| centriole: innitiates cilia's& flagella's assembly |
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Term
| explain 9+2 structure of cilia and flagella |
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Definition
| 9 pairs of microtubules + 1 pair of microtubules in the basal body |
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Term
| pattern in movement of cilia |
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Definition
| oarlike pattern: stiff during power stroke, flexible during recovery |
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Term
| pattern in movement of flagella |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| true/false: the two subunits of ribosome are joined together in nucleolus |
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Definition
| False: each subunit is produced in the nucleolus, but the two are assembled in the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
make proteins for : 1. organelles
2. plasma membrane
3. extracell. export |
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Term
| role of free-floating ribosomes |
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Definition
| make protein for cytoplasm |
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Term
| role of ribosomes in mitochondria |
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Definition
| make mitochondrial proteins |
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Term
| where is the origin of the rough ER |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. protein synthesis
2. phospholipid synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
1. synthesis of fatty acids
2. synthesis of steroids
3. inactivates and detoxifies drugs
4. stores& releases Ca+ that triggers contractions in muscle cells
5. removes PO4 group from glucose-6-phosphate |
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Term
| modifies, collects, packages and distributes molecules |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| convex part of Golgi that faces rough ER where vesicles enter Golgi |
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Definition
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Term
| concave cisterna that faces plasma membrane; protein exit Golgi |
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Definition
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Term
| cisternae that form glycoproteins, glycolipida and lipoproteins |
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Definition
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Term
| full of enzymes; digests waste of the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| clean up crew of the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| true/false: lysosomes can self-replicate |
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Definition
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Term
| true/false: lysosome is a membrane-enclosed organelle |
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Definition
| true. the enzymes are enclosed in membrane , so that cell doesn't digest itself |
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Term
| type of active transport; process through which lysosomes digest the waste/cell/organelle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Lysosome - vesicle formed from Golgi complex |
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Term
| two basic enzymes that peroxysomes contain |
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Definition
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Term
| role of oxidize in peroxisomes |
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Definition
| oxidizes (removes H+) from toxic substances |
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Term
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Definition
| process through which lysosomes digest worn-out cell organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| process through which lysosomes digest entire cell |
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Term
| vesicle that produces hydrogen peroxide as part of it digestive function |
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Definition
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Term
| role of catalase in perozisomes |
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Definition
| decomposes hydrogen perozide |
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Term
| process through which new peroxisomes form |
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Definition
| they bud from older peroxisomes |
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Term
| organ in which cells are more likely to have more peroxisomes |
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Definition
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Term
| barrel-shaped structures that digest unneeded, faulty proteins from cytosol and nucleus |
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Definition
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Term
| main enzyme in the structure of proteasomes |
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Definition
| protease: cuts proteins into peptides |
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Term
| cell organelle that have their own DNA and can reproduce on their own |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Aerobic Cellular Respiration occurs here |
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Definition
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|
Term
| cristae is found in which of the two mitochondrial membranes? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| provide more space for cell respiration |
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Term
| in which organelle& specific place is ADP phosphorilated into ATP |
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Definition
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|
Term
| how many ATP are produced from 1 molec glucose |
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Definition
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Term
| name 3 organs whose cells have the most mitochondria |
|
Definition
1. muscle
2. liver
3. kidneys |
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Term
| how many phospholipid layers is the nuclear envelope composed of? |
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Definition
| 4 layers: two phospholipid bilayers |
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Term
| role of nucleolus in nucleus |
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Definition
1. Assembles ribosomal subunits
2. synthesis of RNA |
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Term
| what are autosomes? (autosomal chromosomes) and example of autosomal disorder? |
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Definition
| autosomes: first 22 chromosomes in the karyotype. autosomal disorder: Down Syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| the 2-stranded DNA separates into 2, 1-stranded mRNA (A-A; T-U) |
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Term
| where does transcription occur? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what enzyme catalyzes transcription? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sequence of 3 nucleotides in the DNA strand (e.g.: ATT) |
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Term
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Definition
| useless pieces of DNA which are not translated into protein. It stays in the nucleus |
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Term
| enzyme that cuts out introne |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mRNA is decoded to produce a specific amino acid chain that will fold into protein |
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|
Term
| where does translation occur |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what kind of RNA assists translation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sequence of 3 nucleotides in RNA (eg: UAG) |
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Term
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Definition
| sequence of 3 nucleotides in tRNA that compliment a codon brought by mRNA |
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Term
| how many amino acids are there |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| how many codons are known |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| normal, programmed cell death; sth triggers suicide enzymes; cell shrinks and phagocytosis occurs |
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Term
|
Definition
| pathological cell death caused by injury or infection; cell bursting; spilling of cytoplasm |
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