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Cell Structure and Function
BIO
56
Biology
9th Grade
10/27/2009

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Term
Ribosome
Definition
small particle of RNA and proten that produces protein following instructions for nucleus.
Term
ER
Definition
An internal membrane system in which compounds of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed.
Term
Golgi apparatus
Definition
Stack of membranes in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins
Term
Lysosome
Definition
Filled with enzymes used to break down food into particles that can be used.
Term
Vacuole
Definition
saclike structure that stores material
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
Uses energy from sunlight to make energy rich food.
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Uses energy from food to make high energy compounds.
Term
Process that occurs in chloroplasts is called
Definition
photosynthesis
Term
T or F
Definition
chloroplast and mitochondria are enclosed by two envelope membranes.
Term
Whats the difference between rough er and smoot er
Definition
rough er has ribosomes in it
Term
lysosomes...
Definition
break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness. They also contain enzymes that breakdown lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.
Term
what is the function of the nucleus
Definition
it is the control center of the cell
Term
the nucleus contains..
Definition
the nuclear membrane, the nucleolus, and chromosomes.
Term
what are chromosomes
Definition
threadlike structures formed of condense or wound up chromatin.
Term
small dense region, darkest part
Definition
nuclelous
Term
what is the cytoskeleton
Definition
framework for the cell within the cytoplasm.
Term
what is the nuclear envelope
Definition
double membrane around nucleus
Term
what occurs in the nucleolus
Definition
free floating ribosomes produce proteins
Term
what does chromatin material consist of
Definition
complex DNA attached to protein
Term
microfilaments
Definition
long thin protein fibers. Supports the cell, moves organelles within the cell.
Term
microtubes
Definition
micro hollow protein tubes. Maintains cell shape serve as tracks for organelles form centrioles in cell division.
Term
lipid
Definition
molecules in plasma membrane are
Term
glycerol and three fatty acids
Definition
lipids are composed of
Term
phospholipid
Definition
is a molecule that has a glycerol backbone, two fatty chains and a phosphate containing group.
Term
phospholipid bilayer
Definition
plasma membrane is composed of
Term
phosphlipids arrange themselves in a way that allows the plasma membrane to exist in the watery environment.
Definition
what happens in plasma membrane
Term
head with two tails
Definition
phospholipids
Term
polar
Definition
which is closets to the water
Term
water solublesubstacnes wont move easily through plasma membrane because
Definition
they are stopped by nonpolar middle.
Term
cholesterol, proteins, carbohydrates.
Definition
what else moves in phospholipids
Term
nonpolar chloesterol
Definition
repelled by water
Term
transport proteins
Definition
move needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane.
Term
prokaryotic cells
Definition
defined as cells without a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles(bacteria)
Term
eukaryotic cells
Definition
contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membrans, also reffered to as membranes, also referred to as membrane bound organelles.
Term
organelles
Definition
specilaized structures that carry out soecific cell functions.
Term
plasma membrane
Definition
specific boundary that helps control what enters and leave the cell.
Term
selective permeability
Definition
which a membrane allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out.
Term
fluid mosaic model
Definition
phospholipids move sideways within the membrane.
Term
lysosomes
Definition
clan up crew contain substances that digest excess or worn out organelles and food particles
Term
leeunwenhoek
Definition
firt to see and draw cells
Term
hooke
Definition
cork cells and little rooms
Term
cell theory
Definition
all living things are composed of cells. cells come from other cells.
Term
structure and function in living things
Definition
cell is basic unit of..
Term
nucleus, cell membrane, and the fluid material cytoplasm
Definition
basic unit of cells are
Term
mitochondria and chlorplast
Definition
what organelles contain their own dna
Term
prokaryotic
Definition
bacteria are
Term
phosopholipid bilayer
Definition
cell membrane is also a..
Term
endocytosis
Definition
engulf materials..
Term
iso
Definition
2% saline solution
Term
more to less
Definition
water goes from ..
Term
more to less
Definition
water goes from ..
Term
passive transport
Definition
osmosis is.. passive or active
Term
isotonic
Definition
solutions are the same strength
Term
hypertonic
Definition
solution is above strength in solute
Term
hypotonic
Definition
solution is below strength in solute
Term
osmosis gives extra pressure
Definition
side with more water
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