Term
|
Definition
| is nuclear division plus cytokinesis, and produces two identical daughter cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane following the division of the nucleus resulting into two cells, each having its own nucleus and cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Doubles in size and makes a copy of its DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in which the cell grows and functions normally. During this time, much protein synthesis occurs and the cell grows (to about double its original size) - more organelles are produced, increasing the volume of the cytoplasm. If the cell is not to divide again, it will remain in this phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cell duplicates its DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in which the cell resumes its growth in preparation for mitosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one double-stranded DNA molecule produces two identical copies of the molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adenine (A) forms a base pair with thymine (T) and guanine (G) forms a base pair with cytosine (C). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the chromosomes are found packaged within a nuclear membrane
This membrane consists of a DNA double helix bound to an octamer of core histones
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei, which package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.[ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| does not make up the nucleosome "bead". Instead, it sits on top of the structure, keeping in place the DNA that has wrapped around the nucleosome. In addition to binding to the nucleosome, the H1 protein binds to the "linker DNA" (approximately 20-80 nucleotides in length) region between nucleosomes, helping stabilize the zig-zagged 30 nm chromatin fiber. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| basic unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound around a histone protein core |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
formed of two H2A-H2B dimers and a H3-H4 tetramer
core particle plus H1 linker region
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In chromatin, those proteins which remain after the histones have been removed, are classified as non-histone proteins. Scaffold proteins, DNA polymerase, Heterochromatin Protein 1 and Polycomb are common non-histone proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an organized structure of DNA and protein that is found in cells
or condensed form of DNA that contains many genes |
|
|
Term
| How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many chromosomes do humans have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are the daughter strands of a duplicated chromosome which are joined by a single centromere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a region on a chromosome that joins two sister chromatids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the combination of DNA and other proteins that make up the contents of the nucleus. The primary protein component of chromatin is histones which act to compactly package the DNA. Chromatin is only found in eukaryotic cells
|
|
|
Term
| What is the function of chromatin? |
|
Definition
| package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, to strengthen the DNA to allow mitosis and meiosis and prevent DNA damage, and to control gene expression and DNA replication. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chromatid in single state |
|
|
