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Cell Processes
Cell Exchange, Cell Energy, Cell Cycle
27
Biology
7th Grade
12/11/2011
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Term
Diffusion
 Definition
particles moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Term
Osmosis
 Definition
the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane
Term
channels
 Definition
passageways in the cell membrane through which small particles travel
Term
Passive Transport
 Definition
Moving small particles through channels without the use of energy from the cell (from high to low concentration)
Term
Active Transport
 Definition
Using energy to move small particles through channels from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
Term
Endocytosis
 Definition
the process of moving large particles into a cell
Term
Exocytosis
 Definition
The process of moving large particles out of a cell
Term
vesicle
 Definition
a pouch in a cell made of a section of the cell membrane
Term
Photosynthesis
 Definition
the process of making food using energy from the sun
Term
Cellular Respiration
 Definition
the process of using oxygen to break down food
Term
Fermentation
 Definition
The process of breaking down food without the use of oxygen
Term
lactic acid
 Definition
produced by the process of fermentation, it causes muscle to burn
Term
Cell Cycle
 Definition
life cycle of a cell
Term
Interphase
 Definition
The first stage of the cell cycle, when the cell grows and copies insides
Term
Mitosis
 Definition
Stage 2 of the cell cycle, the process of chromatid separation
Term
Binary Fission
 Definition
process that bacteria use to reproduce
Term
Chromosomes
 Definition
the structure that DNA is organized into in a eukaryotic cell
Term
Homologous Chromosomes
 Definition
pairs of chromosomes (one from each parent)
Term
Chromatids
 Definition
Identical copies of chromosomes
Term
Centromere
 Definition
Holds chromatids together during the first phases of mitosis
Term
Prophase
 Definition
first phase of mitosis - chromosomes condense and nuclear membrane dissolves
Term
Metaphase
 Definition
phase two of mitosis - chromosomes line up along equator of the cell
Term
Anaphase
 Definition
Phase 3 of Mitosis - chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell
Term
Telophase
 Definition
Phase four of mitosis - nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes
Term
daughter cells
 Definition
the two identical cells that are a result of the parent cell during the cell cycle
Term
Cytokinesis
 Definition
separation of two animal cells once mitosis is complete - the cell pinches in two
Term
Cell plate formation
 Definition
the separation of plant cells once mitosis has been completed
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