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Definition
As cell increasis in size it is harder for DNA to meet all of cell's needs
Extra DNA not made |
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| Rate of Exchanging Materials |
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Definition
| Determined by surface area of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| As cell grows ______ increases more rapidly than _____ |
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Definition
The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
Cell replicates/copies DNA |
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Definition
| Living things grow by producing more _____ |
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Definition
| All cells are the same ____ |
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Term
| Length; volume; surface area |
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Definition
| As the ____ of a cell increases, its ____ increases faster than its __________ |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Carries genetic info passed through generations
Made up of DNA and proteins
Only visible during cell division |
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Definition
One of 2 sister parts of a duplicated chromosome
Separate when cell divides |
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Definition
Attaches each pair of chromatids
Located near middle of chromatids |
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Definition
| In between period of growth that separates cell division |
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Definition
| The series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide |
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Term
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Definition
| During the ____ a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells each of which begins the cycle again |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Chromosome replication
When copies chromosome, duplicates DNA |
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Term
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Definition
Between M and S phases
G=Gap
Periods of intense growth and activity |
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Term
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Definition
Activity, cells do most of growing
Increase size
Synthesis of new proteins/organelles
Protein synthesis
Cellular Respiration |
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Term
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Definition
Chromosomes replicated
DNA molecules synthesize
Key proteins associated w/ chromosomes synthesized
Completes cycle once it enters this phase |
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Term
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Definition
After DNA replication complete
Shortest of 3
Organelles/molecules in cell division produced
When done, enters M phase + starts cell division
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS of enzymes that control mitosis (cyclins and kinase) |
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Term
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Definition
| Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
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Term
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Definition
1st/longest phase
50-60% of mitosis
Chromosomes become visible
Condensed chromosomes bbecome attached to fibers in spindle at a point near the centromere of each chromatid
End: Chromosomes coil tighter and nucleolus disappears nuclear envelope breaks down |
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Term
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Definition
2 tiny structures located near the nuclear envelope in cytoplasm
Separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus in prophase |
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Term
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Definition
| Help organized by centrosome |
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Term
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Definition
The region where centrioles lie
Fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
Lasts only a few mins
Chromosomes line up across Middle of cell
Microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome to the 2 poles of the spindle |
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Term
| Forces of mitotic spindle and centromere |
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Definition
| Moves chromosomes during mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
Centromeres that join sister chromatids split
Sister chromosomes separate + become individual chromosomes
Continue to move until they've separated into 2 groups near poles of spindle
Ends when chromosomes stop moving |
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Term
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Definition
Chromosomes disperse into tangle of dense material
Nuclear envelope forms around each cluster of chromosomes
Spindle begins to break apart
Nucleolus visible in each daugther nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
After mitosis, 2 nuclei formed w/in cytoplasm of cell
Division of cytoplasm
Animal cells: cell membrane drawn inward until cytoplasm pinched into 2 nearly equal parts
Each contains own nucleus/cytoplasmic organelles
Plant cells: Cell plate forms midway between divided nuclei
Develops into a separating membrane |
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Term
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Definition
Level rises and falls w/ cell cycle
Seems to regulate cycle
Eukaryotic cells |
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Term
| Regulatory proteins/Internal Regulators |
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Definition
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Term
| Events of Cell Cycle in order |
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Definition
| Interphase (G1, S, G2), Mitosis (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase), Cytokinesis |
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Term
| DNA in what form in Interphase |
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Definition
Chromatin
Unreplicated (until S phase)
Single Stranded (until S phase) |
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Term
| DNA in what form in Prophase |
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Definition
Sister Chromatids coiled on histone protein
Replicated
Double stranded
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Term
| DNA in what form in Anaphase |
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Definition
Sister Chromatids coiled on histone protein
Replicated
Single stranded |
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Term
| DNA in what form in Metaphase |
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Definition
Sister Chromatids coiled on histone protein
Replicated
Double stranded |
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Term
| DNA in what form in beginning/late Telophase |
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Definition
Sister chromatids/chromatin
Replicated/unreplicated
Single
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Term
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Definition
| 2 identical copies of a single chromosome that are connected by a centromere |
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