Term
| What controls the rate of division? |
|
Definition
| availability of nutrients and temperature |
|
|
Term
| How is cell division regulated? |
|
Definition
| genetic programs for each specific cell type an cell extrinsic factors |
|
|
Term
| some names for dividing cells in the developing nervous system |
|
Definition
| progenitor cells, stem cells, radial glial cells, neural epithelial cells, etc. |
|
|
Term
| early name for progenitor cells of the neural tube |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| neural areas that need largest growth express markers of astrocytes such as GFAP, these dividing cells are known as ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name the three modes of cell division in the developing nervous system |
|
Definition
- symmetric dividing (preneurogenic)
- asymmetric (neurogenic)
- symmetric differentiatin (neurogenic)[image]
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
apical - ventricular
basal - pial (basal lamina) |
|
|
Term
| neuroepithelial cell connections |
|
Definition
linked at apical ends by adherens junctions, have cilium projecting into ventricle which is lost during M phase
basal end connects to basal lamina
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nucleus moves from ventricular towards the basal surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nucleus moves towards ventricular surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell divides at the ventricular (apical) surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell detaches from ventricular surface and moves to the pial surface to differentiate |
|
|
Term
| overview of nuclear migration during the cell cycle in the early neural tube |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| layers of the early neural tube |
|
Definition
- ventricular: dividing cells
- mantle: postmitotic, differentiating cells
- marginal: axons below pial surface[image]
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can migrate away from ventricular zone and establish secondary site of cell division: intermediate/basal progenitor cells |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of intermediate progenitor cells |
|
Definition
- non polarized
- no apical/basal processes
- divide symmetrically
- undergo a limited number of divisions
|
|
|
Term
| characteristics of outer subventricular zone progenitor cells (outer radial glia) |
|
Definition
location: cortex above subventricular zone
processes: have basal, no apical
occurrence: lots in primate, rare in rodent
[image] |
|
|
Term
| how to show M-phase cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3H-thymidine labeling coupled with autoradiography
[image]
or BrdU+immunohistochemistry
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the more time surviving after injection, the different phases the cell will be in the cell cycle.
If they immediately differentiate, label is visible, but if they continue to divide the label will be diluted |
|
|
Term
| how to test expression of certain proteins |
|
Definition
| immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization (w/cDNA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- proliferating cell nuclear antigen: G1/S
- phosphohistone H3: G2/M
- Ki67: all phases
|
|
|
Term
| neural progenitor cell markers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| differentiating cell markers |
|
Definition
- pronural bHLH transcription factors (Ngn, Ngn2, Ash1, etc)
- p27/kip1
- HuC/D
|
|
|
Term
| differentiated neuron markers |
|
Definition
- B3-tubulin
- Islet1
- Neurofilament (x3)
|
|
|
Term
| differentiated astrocyte markers |
|
Definition
- glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
- glutamine synthetase
|
|
|
Term
| What do Sox2 and TuJ1 label? |
|
Definition
Sox2: neural progenitor cell, TuJ1: differentiating neuron
[image] |
|
|
Term
| When cells divide, what happens to their processes? |
|
Definition
| One cell gets the basal process, stays there. The other cell either grows a new process and divides again, or migrates and differentiates |
|
|
Term
| Pattern of differentiation in the CNS: cells |
|
Definition
neurons before glia, large projection neurons before small interneurons[image]
|
|
|
Term
| Pattern of differentiation in the CNS: plates |
|
Definition
basal plate (motor) before alar plate (sensory)
ontogeny parallels phylogeny |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| around 12 hrs, increases, G1 determines rate, the rest of the phases are about constant in timing for all cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trancription factor, misexpression delays differentiation and promotes division, knockout has the opposite effect and results in small cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
present in daughter cell that will continue to divide, absent in the one that differentiates
[image] |
|
|
Term
| most significant factor in determining the final number of cells in an area of the nervous system |
|
Definition
| time spent in preneurogenic (symmetrical division) mode of division, human takes 2 days longer than monkey--> larger cortex |
|
|
Term
| sonic hedgehog (Shh), FGF-10, retinoic acid |
|
Definition
could drive the onset of differentiation
|
|
|
