Term
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Definition
| long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins |
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Term
| What are the 2 sides of the duplicated chromosome called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a small segment of a chromosome containing information for a specific characteristic |
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Term
What structure holds the 2 sides of a duplicated chromosome together? |
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Definition
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Term
Give an example of a diploid cell. |
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Definition
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Term
Give an example of a haploid cell. |
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Definition
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Term
What are homologous chromosomes? |
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Definition
| 2 chromosomes that contain information for the same characteristics. They are the same size and shape. |
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Term
Are gametes diploid or haploid? |
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Definition
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Term
Are skin cells diploid or haploid? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the first cell formed when an egg and sperm join. |
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Term
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Definition
| when only one chromosome of a homologous pair is in the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| When there are three (3) chromosomes in a homologous pair |
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Term
Name a common birth defect caused by a trisomy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when the chromatids fail to separate during mitosis or meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| any changes in the DNA of an organism |
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Term
What is a deletion mutation? |
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Definition
| when a part of a chromosome is missing |
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Term
What is an inversion mutation? |
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Definition
| when a part of a chromosome has broken off, been inverted and reattaches |
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Term
What is a duplication mutation? |
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Definition
| when a part of the chromosome has been copied twice. the chromosome contains the same information twice. |
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Term
What is a translocation mutation? |
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Definition
| when a part of a chromosome has broken off and reattached to a different chromosome |
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Term
What are sex chromosomes? |
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Definition
| chrmosomes that determine the sex of the organism |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes that determine other characteristics other than the sex of the organism |
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Term
What is the purpose of the X and Y chromosomes? |
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Definition
| to determine the sex of the organism |
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Term
What is the combination of sex chromosomes for human females? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the combination of sex chromosomes for human males? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A picture of the chromosomes of an organism organized from largest to smallest as homologous pairs |
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Term
How can a karyotype be used to detect chromosomal abnormalities? |
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Definition
| You can determine if entire chromosomes are added or missing and you can observe changes in the chromosomes |
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Term
Why is it necessary for gametes to be haploid? |
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Definition
| So that when they combine during reproduction, there will be the characteristic number of chromosomes for that organism. |
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Term
What symbol represents a haploid cell? |
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Definition
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Term
What symbol represents a diploid cell? |
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Definition
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Term
What type(s) of cells go through mitosis? |
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Definition
| all body cells, skin, muscle, blood, etc |
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Term
What type(s) of cells go through meiosis? |
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Definition
| gametes, sex cells, egg and sperm cells |
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Term
Describe the nucleus during interphase. |
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Definition
| nuclear membrane intact, nucleolus visible, CANNOT see individual chromosomes. |
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Term
What happens during interphase? |
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Definition
| Chromosomes are copied and other organelles are replicated. The cell is preparing all parts for the division process. |
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Term
Describe the nucleus during prophase. |
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Definition
| The chromosomes become visible, the nuclear membrane dissolves away. |
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Term
Describe the nucleus during metaphase. |
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Definition
| The chromosomes line up at the equator. Spindle fibers are attached to the centromeres. |
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Term
Describe the nucleus during anaphase. |
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Definition
| The chromosomes are pulled towards opposite sides of the cell. Toward centrioles in animal cells. |
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Term
Describe the nucleus during telephase. |
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Definition
| The nuclear membrane begins to reform. In plants, a cell plate will be forming. In animals, the cells will be pinched together in the middle to form the 2 new cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| fibers that connect the centromeres and the centrioles. They are used to pull the chromatids (or chromosomes) apart during the division process. |
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Term
Would you find centrioles in plants or animals or both? |
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Definition
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Term
How does bacterial DNA differ from the structure of your DNA? |
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Definition
| Bacterial DNA is in a loop and human DNA is in long strands that form chromosomes during the division process. |
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Term
How does cytokinesis occur in plant cells? |
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Definition
| A new cell wall will be forming from a cell plate. |
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Term
How does cytokinesis occur in animal cells? |
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Definition
| The cell will be pinched together in the middle to form the 2 new cells. |
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Term
What is the main function of meiosis? |
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Definition
| To form haploid cells. (gametes, egg or sperm cells) |
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Term
Why is meiosis necessary in organisms that reproduce sexually? |
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Definition
| It is needed to reduce the chromosome number in half so that when the egg and sperm join, the characteristic number of chromosomes will be present. |
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Term
What is crossing-over during meiosis? |
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Definition
| parts of different homologues break off, switch places and reattach. |
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Term
How does crossing-over provide a source of genetic variation? |
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Definition
| Genetic information from 2 different individuals is combined on one chromosome. |
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