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| Cell division in prokaryotes takes place in two stages |
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| First the DNA is copied, and then the cell splits |
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| as the membrane pushes inward the cell is constricted in two |
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| is a single long DNA molecule wound tightly around proteins called histones into a compact shape |
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| the mechanism of cell division that occurs in an organisms nonreproductive cells or somatic cells |
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| diviedes the DNA in cells that participate in sexual reproduction |
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| made up of 3 phases, G1 phase, s phase, and G2 phase |
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| the first gap, is the cells primary growth stage |
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Definition
| synthisis phase, the DNA replicates forming two copies of each chromosome |
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Definition
| the second gap, and the replication of the mitichondria, chromosome condensation and the synthesis of microtubles |
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Term
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Definition
| in mitiosis and microtubular apparatus binds to the chromosomes and moves them apart |
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Definition
| in cytokinesis the cytoplasm divides, creating two daughter cells |
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Definition
| the chromosomes condense the nuclear envelope breaks down and the spindle forms |
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Definition
| the chromosomes line up on the central plane of the cell |
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Definition
| the centromeres divide and the chromatids move toward opposite poles |
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Definition
| the chromosomes uncoil and a new nuclear envelope forms. the spindle fibers disappear |
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Definition
| the cytoplasm of the cell is cleaved in half |
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Definition
| a complex of DNA and prtein that makes up this fiber in chromosomes. |
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| what is formed by the joining of the egg and sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| two sets of chromosems are present in the somatic cells of adult individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| one set of chromosomes is present in the gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| a process of cell division in which the number of chromosomes in a certain cells is halved during gamete formations |
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Definition
| divided into four stages prophase 1 metaphase 1anaphase 1 and telophase1 |
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Term
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Definition
| seperated into four phases, prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, and telophase2 |
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Term
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Definition
| the rwo versions of each chromosome pair up and exchange segments |
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Term
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Definition
| the chromosomes align on a central plane |
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Term
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Definition
| one homologye with its two sister chromatids still attached moves to a pole of the cell and the other homologue moves to the opposite pole |
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Term
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Definition
| individual chromosomes gather together at each of the two poles |
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Term
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Definition
| at the two poles of the cell the clusters of chromosmes enter a brief prophase 2 where a new spindle forms |
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Term
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Definition
| spindle fibers bind to both sides of the centromeres and the chromosomes line up along a central plane |
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Term
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Definition
| the spindle fibers shorten splitting the centromeres and moving the sister chromatids to opposite poles |
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Term
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Definition
| finally the nuclear envelope reforms around the four sets of daughter chromosomes |
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Definition
| if both copies of the factor are the same |
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Definition
| if both copies of the factor are different |
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Definition
| consists of g1, s and g2 mitosis and cytokinesis in eukaryotic cells |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that have both hologous chromosomes |
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Definition
| a phenomenon in which DNA is exchanged between nonsister chromatids on homologous chromosomes during prophase1 of meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| a random alignmentof homologous chromosomes during metaphase of meosis1 |
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Term
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Definition
| three checkpoints associated with controlling the cell cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| programmed cell death for development and to destroy damaged cells |
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Term
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Definition
| bene that repairs damaged DNA to prevent the development of cancerous cells found to be nonfunctioning in many forms of cancer |
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Definition
| humans have 22 pairs of this type of chromosomes |
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Definition
| organisms outwardly expressed traits as a result of their genes |
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Definition
| organisms allelic combination for a particular gene |
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Definition
| true breeding individuals from mendels experiment |
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Definition
| hybrid offspring of the P generation |
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Definition
| Product of self pollination of F1 generation |
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Definition
| inherited trait is fully ecpressed |
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| traits that are present but are masked by a dominant allele |
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Definition
| ability of a single gene to have multiple phenotypic effects |
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Definition
| multiple genes exist to show a range of one characteristic |
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Term
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Definition
| the particular array of all the chromosomes an individual possesses |
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Term
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Definition
| sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes do not separate correctly during meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| incorrect number of chromosomes |
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Term
| examples of disorders caused by aneuploidy |
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Definition
| downs syndrome, turners, XXX, and jacobs |
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