Term
| what is the primary site of hematopoiesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in regards to hematopoiesis, what do growth factors do |
|
Definition
| stimulate proliferation, support differentation of maturing cells, enhance function of mature cells |
|
|
Term
| what are the types of bone marrow |
|
Definition
| red (hematogenous) and yellow |
|
|
Term
| what is red bone marrow red |
|
Definition
| becuase of the blood and blood forming cells |
|
|
Term
| what is yellow bone marrow yellow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can yellow marrow be converted to, why |
|
Definition
| red bone marrrow, in emergencies (not enough red working) or sickness |
|
|
Term
| what is red bone marrow composed of |
|
Definition
| stroma, hematopoietic cords, and sinusoidal capillaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| network of reticular cells and reticular fibers containing collagen 3, fibronectin, laminin, and proteoglycans |
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|
Term
| how are hematopoietic cords formed |
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Definition
| when hematopoietic cells and macrophages interact with the stroma through fibronectin, laminin, hemonectin, and cell receptors |
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|
Term
| how are sinusoidal capillaries supported and reinforced |
|
Definition
| by reticular cells and reticular fibers |
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|
Term
| what are the main functions of red bone marrow |
|
Definition
| production of blood cells, destruction of senscent RBC, storage of ion in macrophages |
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|
Term
| what is the stem cell all blood cells come from, where is it located |
|
Definition
| pluripotential stem cell in bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| once activated, what do pluripotential stem cells form |
|
Definition
| multiple colony forming units |
|
|
Term
| what are the multiple colony forming units |
|
Definition
| multipotential lymphoid stem cells, multipotential myeloid stem cell |
|
|
Term
| what is the abreviation for a multipotential lymphoid stem cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the abreviation for a multipotential myeloid stem cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do multiple myeloid stem cells differentate into |
|
Definition
| lineage specific progenitors |
|
|
Term
| list the multipotential myeloid stem cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does CFU-E differentate into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does CFU-GM differentate into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does CFU-G differentate into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does CFU-M differentate into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does CFU-Eo differentate into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does CFU-Ba differentate into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does CFU-Meg differentate into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do lineage specific progenerators, in general, give rise to |
|
Definition
| precursor cells: the the first cells morphologically distinguishable as to which cell types they will become |
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|
Term
| what turns CFU-GEMM into CFU-E |
|
Definition
| erythropoieten, granulocute macrophage colony stimulating factor, IL3, IL4 |
|
|
Term
| what does erythropoieten do |
|
Definition
| regulate RBC rate of production and release from the marrow |
|
|
Term
| in the path of development, what comes after CFU-E |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to the cell volume as a RBC matures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to the nucleus as a RBC matures |
|
Definition
| diameter decreases, chromatin condense, nucleus extrudes |
|
|
Term
| what happes to the cytoplasm as a RBC matures |
|
Definition
| decreased number of polyribosomes, increased hemoglobin, mitochondria and other organells dissipear |
|
|
Term
| how long does it take to go from a proerythroblast to a erythrocyte |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| list the cell names of the stages from CFU-E to erythrocyte |
|
Definition
| CFU-GEMM, CFU-E, proerythroblast, basophillic arythroblast, polychromatophilic erythroblast, orthochromatoblast erythroblast, reticulocute, erythrocyte |
|
|
Term
| what is the lifespan of a RBC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what regulates the transition of CFU-GM to CFU-G |
|
Definition
| GM-CSF, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, interleukin 3 |
|
|
Term
| what regulates the transition of CFU-GEMM to CFU-Eo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in bsophil, neutrophil, and esinophil maturation list the name of the cell stages in order coming after CFu-Ba, G, or Eo |
|
Definition
| myeloblast, promyocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte |
|
|
Term
| what regulates the transition of CFU-GEMM to CFU-Ba |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens between the myrloblast and promyelocyte stages |
|
Definition
| nuclei condense and become more lobulated, granual synthesis |
|
|
Term
| in bsophil, neutrophil, and esinophil maturation explain the process of granual formation, what is the cell called during these 2 steps |
|
Definition
1. azurophilic granual synthesis (promyelocyte)
2. secondary granual synthesis (specific and tertiary in neutrophils) |
|
|
Term
| list the precursor cells that make a neutrophil in order |
|
Definition
| myeloblast, myelocyte, metamyelocyte, mature neutrophil |
|
|
Term
| how long does it take for a myeloblast to turn to a myelocyte, what occurs during this phase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in bsophil, neutrophil, and esinophil maturation what cell stages can do mitosis. for how long is the cell in these phases total |
|
Definition
| myeloblast, promyrlocyte, myelocyte. 1 week |
|
|
Term
| how long does it take a neturophil to go from a metamyelocyte to a mature neutrophil |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the half life of neutrophil circulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long can a neutriphil live in connective tissue, then where does it go |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are most of the number of neutrophils lost |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the major compartments that neutrophil development takes place |
|
Definition
| bone marrow and vascular compartments |
|
|
Term
| what are the areas in the bone marrow that neutrophil maturation takes place |
|
Definition
| medullary formation compartment, medullary storage compartment |
|
|
Term
| in the medullary formation compartment, what subcompartments do neutrophils use for development |
|
Definition
| mitotic compartment, maturation compartment |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the medullary storage compartment |
|
Definition
| to release large numbers of neutrophils on demand |
|
|
Term
| what are the subcompartments of the vascular compartment that neutrophils develop in |
|
Definition
| circulating compartment, and migrating compartment |
|
|
Term
| what happens in the circulating compartment |
|
Definition
| activley circulating neutrophils |
|
|
Term
| what happens in the marginating compartment |
|
Definition
| non-circulating neutrophils present in the vascular space, sequested by vasoconstriction or endothelial adhesion |
|
|
Term
| what is the relationship between the circulating and marginating compartments |
|
Definition
| they are the same size and are connected |
|
|
Term
| what compartments are larger, the combined medullary or vascular in regards to neutrophil development and life |
|
Definition
| medullary is 5-10 x larger |
|
|
Term
| what is the size of the connective tissue compartment of neutrophils |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what regulates the development of CFU-GM to CFU-M |
|
Definition
| GM-CSF, interleukin 3, monocyte colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) |
|
|
Term
| list the monocyte precursor cells in order begining with CFU-M |
|
Definition
| CFU-M, monoblasts, promonocytes, primary lysosome, monocyte, marcophage (later) |
|
|
Term
| what is a monoblast have identical morphology to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large cell with basophillic cytoplasm, large indented nucleus, lacy chromatin and nucleoli |
|
|
Term
| what do promonocytes develop into |
|
Definition
| primary lysosomes that become azurophillic granules of monocytes |
|
|
Term
| how long does it take a monocyte precursor to mature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long do monocytes circulate before entering tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens once a monocyte enters the tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are platmets made by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is platlet production regulated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the nucleus of a megakaryoblast |
|
Definition
| kidney shaped woth many nucleoli, polyploid due to endomoitoses as cell develops into a megakaryocyte |
|
|
Term
| describe the cytoplasm of a megakaryoblast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how far can the polyploid nucleus of a megakaryoblast go before it stops |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| desribe the nucleus of a megakaryocyte |
|
Definition
| irregularly lobulated, coarse chromatin, no visivle nuclei |
|
|
Term
| what is the demarcation membrane, where is it located |
|
Definition
| invaginations of the plasma membrane that ramify in the cytoplasm on megakaryocytes |
|
|
Term
| what does the demacation membrane produce |
|
Definition
| platlets are shrd as cytoplasmic fragments from it |
|
|
Term
| what are the precursor cells to lymphocytes |
|
Definition
| lymphoblast and prolymphocyte |
|
|
Term
| where do lymphocytes proliferate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do lymphocytes usually go when circulating |
|
Definition
| thymus and peripherial lymphoid organs |
|
|
Term
| why is almost all blood made in the bone marrow, what things present favor this |
|
Definition
| reticular tissue, growth factors, stem cells |
|
|
Term
| in what months of development does the yolk sac make blood, it is the primary maker until when |
|
Definition
| from 0-3 mo, primary untill month 3/4 |
|
|
Term
| in what months does the liver make blood during development, when is it the primary maker |
|
Definition
| 1-9 months, it is primary most of the time |
|
|
Term
| in what months does the spleen make blood during development, when is it the primary maker |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in what months does the bone marrow make blood during development, when is it the primary maker |
|
Definition
| 4-9 mo, primary around 8 mo - 9 mo |
|
|
Term
| what bone marrow is active |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what bone marrow is inactive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does it mean when a capillary is sinusoidal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do cells get out of the bone marrow |
|
Definition
| they cross hematopoietic cords and go through the sinusodial capillaries, sort of pushed out but can also attach to the wall and get out themselves |
|
|
Term
| how do platlets get out of the bone marrow |
|
Definition
| megakaryocytes are placed inside the marrow with cytoplasmic process that lay in the sinusoid capillaries and shed the platlets so they are never in it |
|
|
Term
| what are the progenerator cells |
|
Definition
| CFU-L, GEMM, Ba, E, GM, G, M, Eo, Meg |
|
|
Term
| when taking about multipotential myeloid and lymphoid stem cells, what does it really mean by stem cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how can you tell the difference between all the progenerator cells |
|
Definition
| you can't they all look alike |
|
|
Term
| what do the multipotential myeloid stem cells turn into in the end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| between what stages of development does a RBC extrude its nucleus |
|
Definition
| orthochromatoblast erythroblast and reticulocyte |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what stages of RBC development do mitosis occur |
|
Definition
| CFU-E, proerythroblast, basophillic erythroblast, polychromatophilic erythroblast |
|
|
Term
| at what stage in development is a RBC distinguishable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in bsophil, neutrophil, and esinophil maturation at what point can you distinguish between the three (what is the cell called) |
|
Definition
| as a myelocyte when the secondary granules (specific or tertiary) granules form |
|
|
Term
| what developmental difference is there in the nucleus of a metamyelocyte |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are monoblasts located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| list the precursor cells of platlets in order starting with CFU-Meg |
|
Definition
| CFU-Meg, megakaryoblast, megakaryocyte, platlet |
|
|
Term
| what regulates the development of a CFU-GEMM into CFU-Meg |
|
Definition
|
|
