Term
| What molecules are not polymers, but instead they are a diverse group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is composed of two building block molecules consisting of glycerol and fatty acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| A 3 C alcohol with OH groups on each carbon is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is usually long, unbranched hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end? |
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Definition
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Term
| IC is an ending for what? |
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Definition
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Term
| One fatty acid on a glycerol is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 fatty acids on a glycerol is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fatty acids with double bonds are termed? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Fatty acids with double bonds are termed ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Unsaturated fatty acids have what kind of chains? And how does this affect them? |
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Definition
| Unsaturated fatty acids have kinks in their chains, due to double bonds, and this prevents them from packing together, solidifying |
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Term
| Saturated fatty acids have what kind of chains? And how does this affect them? |
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Definition
| Saturated fatty acids have long, straight tails. This allows them to pack together well |
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Term
| Is a fatty acid molecule hydorphilic or hydprophobic? |
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Definition
| It is amphipathic meaning it has both hydrophobic and hydorphilic regions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What color fat is usuable, available for the use of energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between a phopholipid and triglycerides? |
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Definition
They differ in their properties and role in the cell.
There are only 2 fatty acid chains attached to the glycerol molecule and the third hydroxyl group is occupied by a phosphate group |
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Term
| what is critical to the bilayer structure of cell membranes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the four possibilities of polar heads? |
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Definition
Serine
Ethanolamine
Choline
Inositol |
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Term
| Serine, Choline, Ethanolamine, and Inositol are small hydrophilic alcohols that link to a phosphate in membrane phosphoglycerides by what type of bond? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is generated by the action of phospholipases on triglycerides in which one fatty acid is arachidonic acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Eikosi means what in greek? |
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Definition
20
meaning it has 20 carbons |
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Term
| Why are the products obtained from arachidonic acid have hormone like activity but are not hormones? |
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Definition
| Because they are no transported from one tissue to another. They act intracellularly. |
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Term
| What compounds are involved in a number of functions: inflammation, pain, reproductive, fever associated with disease, formation of blood clots, regulation of blood pressure, and gastric acid secretions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an important fatty acid acyl? That is cleaved off and used? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme breaks down lipids with phosphate groups on them? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a backbone molecule composed of a long hydrocarbon chain with a single site of unsaturation, an amine group that can form an amide bond with a fatty acid chain, and a hydroxyl group on a C-1 to which various structural groups can bond? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When H alone is bound to C-1 the resulting sphingolipid is termed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is formed when any of the polar groups link to OH group on sphingosine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has little in common with the other categories or lipids, except the common property of being nonpolar and hydrophobic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common steroid found in animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the biosynthetic source of all steroid hormones? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are hormones that promote gluconeogenesis and suppresses inflammation reactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does gluconeogenesis do? |
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Definition
it is the synthesis of glucose.
It is a pathway. Pyruvate to glucose |
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Term
| What regulates the ion balance by promoting the reasorbption of Na, Cl and HCO3 in the kidneys? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two functions of cholesterol? |
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Definition
1. Precursor to our steroid hormones
2. Cholesterol modulates membrane fluidity (keeps them from being too rigid) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is unique on the LDL molecule? What does it do? |
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Definition
| The apoB-100 is unique. It recognizes LDL and brings it in |
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Term
| What are the smallest of the lipoprotein particles? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why are HDL more dense than other lipids? |
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Definition
| Because they contain a highest proportion of proteins |
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Term
| What are the most abundant apolipoproteins found in HDL |
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Definition
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Term
| What organ synthesizes lipoproteins as complexes of apolipoproteins and phospholipids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What lipoproteins are capable of picking up cholesterol? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does HDL deliver cholesterol to? |
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Definition
| Mostly to the liver but also to steroidogenic organs such as adrenals, ovaries and testes by direct or indirect pathways |
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Term
| What does it mean when a lipoprotein is larger and less dense? |
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Definition
| that it is more fat than protein |
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Term
| What does it mean when a lipoprotein is smaller and denser? |
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Definition
| that it is more protein than fat |
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Term
| What carry triacylglycerol (fat) from the intestines to the liver, skeletal muscle and to adipose tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What carry newly synthesized triacylglycerol from the liver to adipose tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are intermediate between VLDL and LDL, they are not usually detectable in blood? |
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Definition
| IDL- Intermidiate Density Lipoproteins |
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Term
| What carries cholesterol from the liver to the cells of the body, sometimes referred to as the "bad cholesterol" lipoproteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What collects cholesterol from the body's tissues and brings it back to the liver, sometimes called the "good cholesterol" lipoprotein |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the measure of resistance to flow? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the measure of ease to flow? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can diffuse across a membrane, because they are small? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cut off for being to big of a molecule to diffuse across a membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
E is the Extracellular Domain
P is the tran-cellular domain
I is the Intracellular Doman |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The outer leaflet - extracellular leaflet
The inner leaflet- cytoplasmic leaflet |
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Term
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Definition
| The transition temperature or the melting point |
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Term
| If Tm is decreased what happens to the membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| If Tm is elevated, no too much, what happens to the membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the length of a C chain affect Tm? |
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Definition
shorter chains = decreased Tm
longer chains = increased Tm |
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Term
| How does double bonds affect the Tm? |
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Definition
More double bounds= unsaturated= decrease Tm
Less double bonds= saturated= increased Tm |
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Term
| What has more affect on Tm? Length of Carbon chain or double bonds? |
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Definition
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Term
| What serves primarily as the structural backbone of membrane structures? |
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Definition
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Term
| What serves as a barrier preventing the randoom movement of water-soluble molecules into and out of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What carries our most of the specific functions of membranes, such as: transportation of molecules in and out of cells, the recognition of other cells or molecular signals, and cell-cell adhesion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name two Carbohydrate components? |
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Definition
| Glycolipids and Glycoproteins |
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Term
| What term describes lipids with carbohydrate groups attached? |
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Definition
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Term
| What term describes lipids with proteins attached to carbohydrate groups? |
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Definition
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Term
| What carbohydrates are not found within the membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a simple structure that can spontaneously form? |
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Definition
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Term
| How could a liposome form? |
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Definition
| If placed in an aqueous solution they could spontaneously form into fluid-filled spherical vesicles |
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Term
| Liposomes are useful in the medical field for the delivery of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Animal membranes have as much as ___% cholesterol present in their membranes? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Happens when there is damage to a cell: burns, cuts, bruises, etc. This damage signals an immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| Blebbing occurs and there is no immune response |
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Term
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Definition
Apopotosis
Note the Blebbing that occured |
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Term
| What is found in the outer leaflet where they probably serve as receptors for extracellular ligands? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is concentrated in the inner leaflet and when it is on the outer membrane will tell a macrophage to "eat me", and when found on surface of platelet it will result in blood coagulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when Flippase is turned "off" |
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Definition
| PS will accumulate in the surface of the cell membrane and will send an "eat me" signal and a macrophage will engulf the cell |
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Term
| What is concentrated in the inner leaflet and plays a key role in signal transduction of stimuli from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm and ultimately to the nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main function of lipids? |
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Definition
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