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Cell Biology
N/A
29
Physics
Professional
04/17/2013

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Term
a dose of approximately ___ is required to produce a measurable change in molecule
Definition
1Mrad (Megarad)
Term
a dose of ___ is necessary to produce a measurable biological response when the molecule is incorporated into a body/ living cell
Definition
a few rads
Term
the most radiosensitive part of the cell
Definition
nucleus
Term
interference with radiation at any phase of ____ could result in damage to the cell
Definition
protein synthesis
Term
two types of cells
Definition
genetic cells
somatic cells
Term
somatic cell proliferation
Definition
mitosis
Term
two phases of the cell cycle
Definition
mitosis
interphase
Term
four subdivisions of the phase mitosis
Definition
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
Term
nucleus swells
DNA begins to take structure
Definition
prophase
Term
chromosomes appear, damage induced by radiation can be seen at this time
Definition
metaphase
Term
splitting of each chromosome at the centromere
Definition
anaphase
Term
the final stage of mitosis
disappearance of structural chromosomes into a mass of DNA
cell division is complete
Definition
telophase
Term
period of growth between divisions
Definition
interphase
Term
1 DNA replication + 1 cell division=
Definition
2 identical daughter cells
Term
process by which genetic cells undergo reduction division
Definition
meiosis
Term
genetic cells start meiosis with __ chromosomes (_) pairs
Definition
46
23
Term
an immature cell that contains 46 chromosomes whose function is to create gonadal cells
Definition
gonadal stem cell
Term
daughter cells divide again in meiosis WITHOUT replicating DNA to produce ___ daughter cells with __ chromosomes each
Definition
4
23
Term
radiation damage to gonadal cell DNA can result in ___ genetic information to offspring
Definition
incorrect
Term
cells are organized into layers or masses called
Definition
tissues
Term
tissues are organized into
Definition
organs
Term
organs are organized into
Definition
systems
Term
organ systems for the
Definition
organism
Term
principal organ systems of the body
Definition
nervous
digestive
endocrine
respiratory
reproducive
Term
also called undifferentiated, precursor, or stem cells and are more sensitive to radiation
Definition
immature cells
Term
French scientists who studied radiosensitivity in 1906
Definition
Bergonie and Tribondeau
Term
the law states that:
Definition
radiosensitivity of living tissues varies with maturation and metabolism
Term
stem cells are radiosensitive
mature cells are radioresistant
younger tissues and organs are readiosensitive
tissues with high metabolic activity are radiosensitive
Definition
law of bergonie and tribondeau
Term
the law of Bergonie and Tribondeau is the governing principle for ___
Definition
ALARA
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