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| Foundation for most membranes. Consists of phospholipids, which contain a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail. Ends of bilayer are hydrophilic while middle area is hydrophobic. |
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| Specialized membrane organelle who makes energy (ATP). Built upon the semi-permeable membrane and concentration gradients. |
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| Organelle that stores cellular DNA |
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| Liver cell, responsible for detoxifying blood and glucose management. |
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| "Beta cell". Makes insulin. Destroyed by diabetes. |
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| Membrane organalle that deals with protein synthesis |
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| Contains two hydrophobic fatty acids (typically long chains of carbon) attached to a backbone, attached to a hydrophilic group, typically phosphate. |
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| Ceramide backbone attached to fatty acids, and choline by a phosphate. Exceptionally important to nervous system. |
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| Hydrophobic carbon ring structure with hydrophilic oxygen portion. Kink in the lipid bi-layer that increases membrane fluidity. Keeps the membrane from being a solid wall. |
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| 7TM-GPCR (7 trans-membrane G protein coupled receptor) |
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Definition
| Receptor that goes through the membrane seven times. Allows signals to pass through otherwise impermeable membrane. Hormones bind to this receptor, which causes a conformational change in the receptor such that the G protein can bind to it. |
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| Process of taking molecules into a cell from the outside by surrounding molecule with membrane, and pinching it off into the cell. General term, divided into two processes: phagocytosis and pinocytosis |
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| Form of endocytosis where large particles (food, bacteria, etc.) are generally brought in. |
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| Form of endocytosis where very small particles (often fluid) tend to be brought in. |
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| Vesicles on the inside of the cell exit the cell by pushing through the membrane in turn surrounding the vesicle with its own membrane. |
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| Method of molecule movement where molecules spontaneously distribute evenly based on concentration gradient. Rate is not linear, decreases by square of distance. |
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| Movement of water. Used to balance concentration gradients when the molecules responsible for the gradient are impermeable to the membrane. Uses water to dilute gradient. |
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| The pressure required to prevent osmosis. Basis for how the Kidney works. |
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| Gates that help molecules impermeable to the membrane to pass based on their concentration gradient. Gate opens when a specific molecule binds to the gate, allowing that molecule to pass. Has a maximum rate of transport based on number of pores. |
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Definition
| Transport method based on physically pumping molecules against the concentration gradient using energy. Divided into primary and secondary modes. |
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| Form of transport that uses energy directly (ATP) to pump molecules against concentration gradient. |
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Term
| Secondary Active Transport |
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Definition
| Form of transport where molecules are actively pumped against their concentration gradient by using the energy stored in a different molecules gradient. |
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Definition
| Active transport where the concentration gradient of a secondary molecule is used to pump the desired primary molecule in. Both molecules ENTER the cell. |
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Definition
| Active transport where the concentration gradient of a secondary molecule is used to pump a primary, desired, molecule. The secondary leaves the cell, whereas the primary enters. |
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