Term
| "Non-coding" "anti-sense" strand |
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Definition
| during transcription, RNA polymerase II reads the anti-sense strand to synthesize pre-mRNA |
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Term
| pre-mRNA is a ________ copy of the DNA template (anti-sense) strand |
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Definition
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Term
Structure of pre-mRNA and mRNA
General Characteristics: |
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Definition
-Single Stranded 5' to 3' molecule
-Initial for of pre-mRNA (in eukaryotes)
-pre-mRNA has introns removed to form mRNA (splicing)
-mRNA carries triplet codons for amino acid sequence |
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Term
Structure of transfer RNA
General Characteristics: |
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Definition
1. Highly folded, small cytoplasmic RNAs (80 bases long)
2. Bind amino acids (64 different tRNAs)
3. Anti-codon sequence complementary to codon of mRNA
4. Required for protein synthesis |
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Term
Structure of transfer RNA
Structure: |
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Definition
1. Intramolecular base pairing important for structure
2. Anticodon at one end of "cloverleaf" with amino acid bound to other end |
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Term
Structure of ribosomal RNA
General Characteristics: |
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Definition
1. rRNA genes found in nucleus
2. Transcribed exclusively in nucleolus
3. Exit nucleus to form ribosomes in cytoplasm
4. Polyribosomes are site of protein synthesis in cytoplasm |
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Term
MicroRNAs
General Characteristics: |
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Definition
1. Double stranded mRNAs cannot be translated
2. Caenorhabditis elegans major experimental organism
3. By introducing dsRNA into cells discovered that cells have mechanism for controlling translation (protein synthesis)
4. A major breakthrough in molecular genetics and cell biology |
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Term
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Definition
1. ss antisense RNA inhibits translation (no surprise)
2.ds RNA inhibits translation 10x better (big surprise)
3.Dicer enzyme (endonuclease) cleaves dsRNA into shorter oligonucleotides
4. Shorter dsRNAs associate with proteins -> RNA induced silencing complex (RISC)
5. Anti-sense strand of dsRNA binds mRNA
a. Endonucleases in RISC cleave mRNA -> no translation
b. May not always be 100% inhibition (knockout versus knockdown) |
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Term
| Two results of RNAi work: |
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Definition
a. A lot of scientists started working on C. elegans
b. Cell biologists started using RNAi in cultured cells (gene knockout or knockdown) |
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Term
| Three steps required for gene expression |
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Definition
a. Transcription of DNA to produce pre-mRNA
b. Processing of pre-mRNA to produce mRNA
c. Translation of mRNA into polypeptide |
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Term
| Transcription occurs in the ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Translation occurs in the _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| 5’ Flanking Sequences contain: |
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Definition
| -CAAT and TATAA boxes (promoter -sequences)Other regulatory sequences (cis elements) |
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Term
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Definition
| coding sequence information for protein |
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