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| Major category of living cells distinguished by the absence of a nucleus. Bacteria |
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Living organism composed of one or more cells with a distinct nucleus and cytoplasm. Includes all forms of life except viruses and bacteria
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| One of the two divisions of procaryotes, typically found in hostile environments such as hot springs or concentrated brine |
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| The proper term for the bacteria of common occurrence, used to distinguish them from archaea |
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| The basic unit from which living organisms are made, consisting of an aqueous solution of organic molecules enclosed by a membrane. All cells arise from existing cells usually by a process of division |
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| Mechanically strong fibrous layer deposited by a cell outside its plasma membrane. Prominent in most plants bacteria, algae, and fungi but not present in most animal cells |
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DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) |
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Definition
| Double-stranded polynucleotide formed from two separate chains of covalently linked deoxyribonucleotide units; serves as the carrier of genetic information |
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| a discrete structure or subcompartment of a eucaryotic cell (especially one that is visible in the light microscope) that is specialized to carry out a particular function. |
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| Membrane-bound organelle, about the size of a bacterium, that carries out oxidative phosphorylation and produces most of the ATP in eucaryotic cells |
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| the major organelle of a eucaryotic cell, which contains DNA organized into chromosomes. Also, when referring to an atom, the central mass built from neutrons and protons |
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| Labyrinthine, membrane-bound compartment in the cytoplasm of eucaryotic cells, where lipids and secreted and membrane-bound proteins are made |
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| a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes; it transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes in the cell |
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| particle composed of ribosomal RNAs and ribosomal proteins that associates with messenger RNA and catalyzes the synthesis of protein |
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| specialized organelle in algae and plants that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place |
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| contents of a cell that are contained within its plasma membrane but in the case of eucaryotic cells, outside the nucleus |
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| characteristics of all living organisms |
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Definition
- have complexity and organization
- metabolism
- respond to stimuli
- growth
- reproduces
- adapt to environment
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| The major macromolecular constituent of cells. Linear polymer of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds in a specific sequence |
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| Membrane-bound organelle in eucaryotic cells where the proteins and lipids made in the endoplasmic reticulum are modified and sorted |
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- The mitochondria of eukaryotes evolved from aerobic bacteria (probably related to the rickettsias) living within their host cell.
- The chloroplasts of eukaryotes evolved from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria
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| uptake of material into a cell by an invagination of the plasma membrane and its internalization in a membrane-bound vesicle |
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| the total genetic information carried by a cell or an organism (or the DNA molecules that carry this information) |
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| region of DNA that controls a discrete hereditary characteristic of an organism, usually corresponding to a single protein or RNA |
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| Nucleoside with one or more phosphate groups joined in ester linkages to the sugar moiety. DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides |
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| a purine base, that is an essential constituent of both RNA and DNA. |
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| A pyrimidine base, that is the constituent of DNA and RNA involved in base pairing with guanine. |
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| a protein that catalyzes a specific chemical reaction |
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| taxonomic classification lower than genus |
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