Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Cell and cell division
Flashcards
16
Medical
Not Applicable
11/03/2020

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

PLASMA MEMBRANE

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

Outer layer of the cell; composed mainly of lipids and proteins 

Term

 

 

 

 

CYTOPLASM 

Definition

 

 

 

 

Colloidal suspension that fills cell

 

Holds cell contents

Term

 

 

 

 

NUCLEUS

Definition

 

 

 

 

Large, dark - staining body near the center of the cell; composed of DNA and proteins

 

Contains the chromosomes with the genes

Term

 

 

 

 

NUCLEOLUS

Definition

 

 

 

Small body in the nucleus; composed of RNA, DNA, and protein

 

Needed for protein manufacture 

Term

 

 

 

 

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

Definition

 

 

 

 

Network of membranes in the cytoplasm

 

Used for storage and transport; holds ribosomes 

Term

 

 

 

 

RIBOSOMES

Definition

 

 

 

 

Small bodies attached to the ER; composed of RNA and protein

 

Manufacture proteins

Term

 

 

 

 

MITOCHONDRIA

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

Large organelles with folded membranes inside

 

Convert energy from nutrients into ATP

Term

 

 

 

 

GOLGI APPARATUS

Definition

 

 

 

 

Layer of membranes

 

Put together special substances such as mucus

Term

 

 

 

 

LYSOSOMES

 

 

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

Small sacs of digestives enzymes

Term

 

 

 

 

CENTRIOLES

Definition

 

 

 

 

Help separate the chromosomes in cell division 

Term

 

 

 

 

CILIA 

Definition

 

 

 

Short, hairlike projections from the cell

 

Create movement around the cell

Term

 

 

 

 

FLAGELLUM

Definition

 

 

 

 

Long, whiplike extension from the cell

 

Moves the cell

Term

 

 

 

 

PROPHASE

Definition

 

 

  • Chromosomes condense and become visible
  • Spindle fibers emerge from the centrosomes
  • Nuclear envelope breaks down
  • Nucleolus disappears
Term

 

 

 

 

METAPHASE

Definition

 

 

  • Mitotic spindle is fully developed, centrosomes are at opposite poles of the cell
  • Chromosomes are lined up at the metaphase plate
  • Each sister chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber originating from opposite poles
Term

 

 

 

 

ANAPHASE 

 

 

Definition

 

 

  • Cohesin proteins binding the sister chromatids together break down
  • Sister chromatids (now called chromosomes) are pulled toward opposite poles
  • Non-kinetochore spindle fibers lengthen, elongating the cell
Term

 

 

 

 

TELOPHASE

Definition

 

 

  • Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and begin to decondenese
  • Nuclear envelope material surrounds each set of chromosomes 
  • The mitotic spindle breaks down
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