Term
| True or False? Cells differ in size and shape among organisms according to location and function. |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Anton Van Leewenhoek do in the early 1600's? |
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Definition
| He invented 1st microscope and lookes at living organisms in pondwater |
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Term
| What did Robert Hooke do? |
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Definition
| Looked at cork and named cells |
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Term
| Who was the first one to see and describe the nucleus of a cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was Mathew Schleiden find out? |
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Definition
| that plants are made of cells |
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Term
| What did Theodore Schwann figure out? |
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Definition
| that animals are made of cells |
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Term
| Who figured out that cells reproduce? |
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Definition
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Term
| Anton Van Leewenhoek, Robert Brown, Mathew Schleiden, Theodore Schwann, and Rudolph Virchows finding were summarized in what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 3 parts of the cell theory |
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Definition
1.)All organisms are composed of cells. 2.)Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. 3.)Cells reproduce-come from pre-existing cells. |
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Term
| T/F: Cytology means the study of the cytoplasm. |
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Definition
| False, cytology is the study of cells |
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Term
| T/F: The cells that had no nucleus were called prokaryotic cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of cell(not animal or plant) had a nucleus,many organelles, and a cytoskeleton |
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Definition
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Term
| Besides not having a true nucleus, what else is true about prokaryotic cells? |
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Definition
-earliest living organism(3.4 BYA) - smallest living organism -no nuclear membrane(DNA in cytoplasm) -No cytoskeleton -simplest organism EX:bacteria |
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Term
| T/F:Eukaryotic cells came from plant cells |
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Definition
False, eukaryotic cells come from prokaryotic cells *note, know that eukaryotic cells are in every organism except bacteria! |
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Term
| What is cell size limited by? |
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Definition
| limited by surface area to volume ratio |
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Term
| T/F: As cell size increases, the volume increases more rapidly than surface area. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 reasons why cells must stay small. |
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Definition
1.)To allow for proper food and waste exchange. 2.)The nucleus can only control so much volume. 3.)Cytoskeleton can only control so much volume. |
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Term
| T/F: Plant cells have cell walls and chlorplasts while animal cells don't |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
permeable membrane on the outside of plasma membrane -supports+protects |
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Term
| What does a plastid do in plants? |
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Definition
| manufactures and stores food in plants |
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Term
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Definition
| organelle that stores starch, proteins, and lipids |
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Term
| What is the function of a chromoplastid? |
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Definition
| stores light absorbing pigments |
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Term
| What does the central vacuole do? |
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Definition
-contains water,sugars,ions, and pigments -large: helps increase the surface area to volume ration by applying pressure to the membrane(pushing it outward) |
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Term
| (This was from cell vocab) What type of cell is a lysosome in? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is bigger, the chloroplast or the mitochondria? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Chloroplasts and Mitochondria are both double membraned |
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Definition
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Term
| Chloroplasts and mitochondria have _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and can make certain products. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chloroplasts and Mitochondria can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by division |
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Definition
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Term
| What has iner space filled w/ gel like fluid containing an enzyme space to break down carbos? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| chemical energy can be converted to ATP energy |
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Term
| T/F: Plasma membrane is permeable; lets everything in |
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Definition
| False plasma membrane is semi-permeable;lets some stuff in. |
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Term
| What is the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| interface between interior and exterior of cell |
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Term
| Which organelle is a phospholipid bilayer and embedded with proteins(know both of these)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Like a quarter or any type of coin, the plasma membrane has ______ and ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The heads on a plasma membrane are _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The tails on the plasma membrane are ___. |
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Definition
hydrophobic *note, the tails wiggle |
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Term
| What does cholesterol do to the hydrocarbon tails? |
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Definition
| hardens them so they are less flexible and more impermeable |
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Term
| What does the cell membrane work hard to do? |
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Definition
| Keep the cell at homeostasis. |
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Term
| Name the 5 functions of proteins. |
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Definition
1.)Acts as channels 2.)Act as pumps 3.)Attach to enzymes to speed up reactions(chemical) 4.)Chemical ID tags 5.)Receptors for chemical messengers |
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Term
| What is passive transport? |
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Definition
| movement of molecules without using energy |
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Term
| T/F: Molecules in passive transport move against the concentration gradient. |
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Definition
| False, molecules in passive transport move with the concentration gradient. |
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Term
| Name 3 types of passive transport |
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Definition
| Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, and Osmosis |
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Term
| By definition, what is Diffusion? Facilitated Diffusion? Osmosis? |
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Definition
1)movement of molecules from a crowded area to a less crowded area. 2)movement with the help of a carrier protein 3)diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of Osmosis? |
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Definition
| Hypotonic,Hypertonic, and Isotonic |
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Term
| If a hypotonic solute(cell) is placed in a hypertonic solution, then what will happen to the cell? |
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Definition
| the insides will shrivel up and shrink |
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Term
| What is an Isotonic solution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is active transport? |
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Definition
movement of molecules across a membrane to a region of higher concentration by energy. note:*movement against concentration gradient *opposite of passive transport |
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Term
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Definition
| expelling of material from a cell when a vessicle pushes through and attaches itself to a plasma membrane which then excretes it out of cell |
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Term
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Definition
| taking materials into the cell by forming vesicles |
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Term
| Name 2 types of endocytosis |
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Definition
Pinocytosis-taking in liquids(to remember,pino and pee, pee is a liquid) Phagocytosis-taking in solids |
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Term
| What are the 4 steps of ER and Golgi apparatus working together? |
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Definition
1)Rough ER makes protein, Smooth ER makes lipids 2)Carried to Golgi in vessicles 3)Golgi packages,sorts, and modifies them into vesicles 4)Vesicles are sent to the plasma membrane where the contents are excreted |
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Term
| Give an example of active transport. |
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Definition
| Iodine will travel in bloodstream to the thyroid. |
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Term
| Give an example of passive transport. |
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Definition
| food in the intestines go through to the blood stream |
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Term
| What happens to the volume of a cell as surface area increases? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do the hydrocarbon tails in a cell wiggle? |
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Definition
sop that the cell can remain flexible and pliable to *cholesterol stops this |
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Term
What is the purpose of the Na+K+ pump? Is this active or passive? |
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Definition
1.to keep your body at homeostasis and to make sure that there is more postassium inside the cell and more sodium outside the cell 2.active transport |
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Term
| Define solute and solvent |
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Definition
Solute-the solid that is placed in a solvent Solvent-the liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance |
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Term
| Name 3 reasons cells kill themselves. |
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Definition
1.If cells recognize they are mutated or infected 2.If cells take more energy to live than to die 3.Cellular Competion-only so many cells can live in certain parts of the body, the others kill themselves |
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