Term
| Which pneumonia has been associated with HIV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trace samples of HIV have been found where in the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In order for an eye bank to become an active member of the EBAA it must demonstrate proficiency in handling at least ____ surgical corneas. (How many?) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Any written documents of observations, findings, or results (FDA, OHSA, State) received by the eye bank which are related to any inspection by an official agency shall be sent to the chair of the accrediation board within how many days of receipt? |
|
Definition
| 10 business days and the chair shall be copied on all future correspondence |
|
|
Term
| Tne medical director shall attend must attend the EBAA Medical director symposium and Medical advisory board meeting at the annual meeting every _________years |
|
Definition
| 3, a newly appointed medical director must attend within a year of assignment |
|
|
Term
| Ultimate responsibility for the suitability of each tissue for transplantation in patient rest with who? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each eye bank must employ ___EBAA CEBT in a supervisory or training role. (How many?) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All EBAA accrediated eyebank must have one CEBT attend a EBAA sponsored skilled workshop when? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Appropriate documentation of regular lab cleaning schedules must be maintain and kept on file for how long? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fridge temps must be recorded daily and remain within what temperature range? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The fridge must be calibrated against what type of thermometer? |
|
Definition
| NIST standard thermometer at least once a year |
|
|
Term
| Give examples of clearly defined areas in the fridge? |
|
Definition
| Quarnatine, Research, Surgical tissue awaiting distribution |
|
|
Term
| When do you clean your lamiar flow hood? |
|
Definition
| before and after each use and regular schedule intervals |
|
|
Term
| Does and recovery and storage only facility have to employ a CEBT? |
|
Definition
| No, but they must have a documented relationship with a CEBT and the accrediated organization in which the CEBT is employed |
|
|
Term
| Tissue from Donors with what are potentially hazardous to eye bank personnel and required special handling? |
|
Definition
-
Active viral hepatitis
-
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) or HIV seropositivity
-
Active viral encephalitis or encephalitis of unknown orgin
-
Creutsfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
-
Rabies
|
|
|
Term
Penetrating Keratoplasty (PKP, PK)
|
|
Definition
| removing full thickness from epi to endo |
|
|
Term
| Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (ALK) |
|
Definition
| transplantation of the anterior stroma only |
|
|
Term
| Endotheilail Kerotoplasty |
|
Definition
| transplantation of the endothelial attached to the donor cornea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Power of Attorney
- Spouse
- Children over age 18
- Siblings
If the medical examiner/ coroner cast the eye bank must comply with legislation in its state |
|
|
Term
| What solution must contact the eye of any ocular tissue intended for transplantation at least once betweenthe time of the donor's death and tissue preservation? |
|
Definition
| Providine-Iodine solution |
|
|
Term
| Open container processing must be performed in a laminar flow hood or cabinet which meets either Federal Standard 209 (b) as of what class? |
|
Definition
| Class 100 hood or NSF standards as a Class II or Class III cabinet, in an accrediated operating room, or in another enviromentally evaluated and documented enviroment |
|
|
Term
| How do you store whole globes? |
|
Definition
- Mosit chamber at 2-8 degrees celsius
- freezing below 0 degrees celsius
- or some other validated method
|
|
|
Term
| Name the methods of sclera preservation |
|
Definition
- 70 % or greater ethyl alcohol
- sterile glycerin
- cryopreservation
- gamma radiation
|
|
|
Term
| Why and where do you record lot numbers? |
|
Definition
| The lot number of mediuum used for each cornea shall be recorded on the tissue report form containing the unique id number of the tissue to allow tracking and recall |
|
|
Term
| When it is impossible to obtain a cell count, this requirement may be waived on a case by case basis by whom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The distributing eye bank must forward adverse reaction information to the source eye bank the made the donor eligible for transplant. The source eye bank must perform and investigation and must report the adverse reaction infromation within how many days to the EBAA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In accordance with FDA 1271.350 adverse reactions involving a relevant communicable disease must be reported to the FDA within how many days |
|
Definition
15 calendar days of receipts of the information if the adverse reaction is fatal, life threatening, results in permanent impairment or damage or required medical or surgical intervention |
|
|
Term
| An adverse reaction the the EBAA is |
|
Definition
| any communicable or other disease reasonably likely or proven to be due to donor eye tissue, including infection( as manifested by endophthalmitis, keratitis, donor or systemic disease) and biological dysfuntion such as (immediate endo failure, donor corneal dystrophy, or evidence suggestive of prior refractive surgery). If systemic infection disease such as HIV, Hepatits, or syphillis or CJD developes in the recipeient whether or not it is suspected to be due to donor tissue, this must be reported to the EBAA. The medical director shall review all adverse reaction reports, documenting any corrective actionshe/she determaine are indicated |
|
|
Term
| Is syphillis a required test by the EBAA? |
|
Definition
| No. The FDA required syphillis testing but not the EBAA |
|
|
Term
| Infectious disease testing shall be perfomed by a laboratory certified under whom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Positive resutls in cases of postoperative infection shall be reported to the eye bank that recovered the tissue and who else? |
|
Definition
| The eye bank that distributed tissue |
|
|
Term
| When is a plasma dilution required? |
|
Definition
| Every donor with blood loss, and on every donor under age 12 recieveing any amoutn of infusion/ transfusion samples |
|
|
Term
| Does bank autologous bloos be counted in a plasma dilution calculation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are you required to test for syphillis? |
|
Definition
| No, the EBAA does not require you to test for syphillis, however the FDA does |
|
|
Term
| All conflicting serology results must be reported to the medical director and the EBAA within ___ days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If positive test results or info about behavioral risk or medical history recived after the release of tissue that indicate a rick of transmission of a relevant communicable disease must be reported to who and in what order? |
|
Definition
- Medical director
- Consignee within 45 days
- EBAA 45 days
- and the FDA within 45 days
|
|
|
Term
| How do you label non-surgical tissue? |
|
Definition
| if the donor has not been tested for HIV, Hepatitis, and label stating that screening for HIV -antibody, Hep B or Hep C has not been carried out or stating "potentially hazardouse biological material" or some other designation acceptable under the CDC guideline must be attached to container used for the donor tissue storage and/ or transport |
|
|
Term
| What information must be on a label? |
|
Definition
- name of source eye bank
- tissue id number
- type of tissue
- if cornea has been pre-cut
- date and time of death
- date and time of preservation
- expiration date
- statement that states single pt use only
- type of preservation media
|
|
|
Term
| Should you freeze corneas? |
|
Definition
| No, and this should be stated on your package insert form |
|
|
Term
| What does a color change in the optisol mean? |
|
Definition
| a change in ph level, and the tissue should not be used and a report made immedialty to the eye bank |
|
|
Term
| All records she be kept for a minimum of ___years |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| methods by which contamination with microrganisms os prevented |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the implantation, transplantation, infusion, or transfer of human cells or tisssue back into the individual from whom the cells or tissue was recovered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a process where approval for donation is obtained from the donor (called 1st person consent) or the donor nok or other legally recognixed representative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a balanced of salt and/or glucose solution such as saline, TPN (total parenteral nutrition), ringer lactate solution, or 5 % dextrose in water, used for electrolyte replacement or to increase intravacsular volume |
|
|
Term
| decontamination vs disinfectant |
|
Definition
Decontamination-use of physical or chemical means to remove, inavtive, or destroy bloodborne pathogens on a surface or item to the point where they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles and the surface or items is rendered safe for handling use, or disposial
disinfectant-an agent that reduces the number of viable cellurlar microrganisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of the whole globe |
|
|
Term
| An eye bank should apply for reaccreadiation every ___ years |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- temperature recording device
- emergency power
- power failure alarm
|
|
|
Term
| What steam sterilization is recommended? |
|
Definition
| 121 degress celsius for 30 min is recommended. Chemical indicators or sterlized process indicators must be placed inside each kit |
|
|
Term
| How many days does your eye bank have to offer you a hepatitis B vaccine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Uniform anatomical gift act |
|
Definition
| a consent signed by the legal nok must be in order of priority in accordance with state law |
|
|
Term
| What is the first step of recovery |
|
Definition
| verify consent for ocular tissue |
|
|
Term
| How do you identify a donor? |
|
Definition
| donor id tag, toe tag, bracelet |
|
|
Term
| Why do you wear protective apparel? |
|
Definition
| To protect the eye bank tech from potentail infectious diseases |
|
|
Term
| Should you use Hbiclens or Phisohex on the cornea? |
|
Definition
| No it is toxic to the cornea |
|
|
Term
| What type of scissors do you use to cut the conjectiva? |
|
Definition
| round tip scissors pointed away from the cornea |
|
|
Term
| How large of the opitc nerve stump should you leave? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do you leave a 5-10mm stump of the optic nerve? |
|
Definition
| To avoid risk of puncture to the globe and collapse of the globe |
|
|
Term
| Where do you place your storage containers at the during recovery? |
|
Definition
| adjacent to your sterile field |
|
|
Term
| Where do you cut the conjuctivia? |
|
Definition
| at the limbus 360 degrees around the corneas using small tootherd forceps and iris tentomy scissors. Cut back 5 mm from limbus |
|
|
Term
| Why should you isolate your conjuctiva insturments |
|
Definition
| the conjuctiva is considered contaminated membrane. If you use the same blade it would introduce microrganisms into the incision area |
|
|
Term
| Where should you make your inscison? |
|
Definition
| 2-4mm from limbus and parallel to limbus |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the scissors that are used to remove the corneal section? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the incision is complete and the anterior chamber is intact then the corneroscleral rim button should be attached to the uvea only at what point? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why would you examine the lens during a recovery? |
|
Definition
| to inspect signs of previous cataract surgery which would possibly cintraindicate us of the ocular tissue for pk depending on your eye bank policy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an opaque ring at the periphery of the cornea caused by deposits of lipids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| haziness caused by excessive hydration of the cornea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammatory cells found on the endothelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| break of disruption of the epi surface by dring, erosion sloughing, tears, or abrasions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| striations due to wrinkling of the descemet's membrane from excessive hydration, and extended period from death to time to procurment, or traumatic stretching of the cornea during removal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dark drop shape changes appearing on the corneal endothelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| varaiations in endo cells size with some cells appearing larger than normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having mulitiple forms or shapes of endo cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evidence of corneal endothelial stretching that appears as a streak or line in a liner fashion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal accumuliation of cells and fluids in the corneal stroma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a monocular mircoscope with an illumination of light directed through a series of prisms and mirrors through the optical lens onto the corneal endo |
|
|
Term
| When do you obtain the most optimal evaluation and cell count |
|
Definition
| as soon as possible following the corneal excision |
|
|
Term
| When using the specular microscope what should you look for when looking for cells |
|
Definition
| scan areas of the cornea with the brightest reflection of light |
|
|
Term
| What does CLIA stand for? |
|
Definition
| Clinical Laboratories Improvement Act |
|
|
Term
| Are you required to test for HTLV I/II? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you recieve a copy of positive serologies prior to transplant what do you do? |
|
Definition
| must sent a copy of all parties involve, including OPO and tissue banks |
|
|
Term
| If the donor is positve what do you label the vial? |
|
Definition
| red or orange biohazard label stating the tissue has not been tested or is potentially hazardous biological material |
|
|
Term
| What minimum of two types of documentation should accompany the tissue? |
|
Definition
| tissue report form and package insert form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| frozen ice or blocks can decrease the temperature in transport container to lower the 0 degrees celsius, resulting in frozen ocular tissue |
|
|
Term
| How do you proper error correct? |
|
Definition
| Draw a single line through error, write "mistaken entry", "error", or "ME" next to words with you initials, write the correct info |
|
|
Term
| A compeleted adverse reactiojn report will be copied and distributed to who |
|
Definition
- the procuring eye bank
- the distributing eye bank
- the EBAA
- other affected parties, (FDA, CDC, Health Dept)
|
|
|
Term
| What is the scientific name for syphillis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of West Nile? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| You can the see the light reflecting off objects, with the light you cannot see |
|
|
Term
| Explain in detail how you see |
|
Definition
- light reflects off an object
- passed through your cornea, registers on retina (inverted)
- retina sends image to the optic nerve, which sends it to the brain for "processing"
- in the visual cortex of your brain, the image is inverted again, making it upright
- as light enters your eye, it undergoes various stages of 'refraction"
|
|
|
Term
| What is required for preservation of any ocular tissue in lab? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the outermost layer of the eye? |
|
Definition
| sclera/ corneosclera includes the cornea, and covers 1/6 of the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid filled space inside the eye between the irirs adn the cornea's outermost surface, the endo. Aqueous humor is the fluid that fills the anterior chamber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid that fills the anterior chamber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the space in teh eye behind the iris and in front of the lens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the thin transparent tissue that covers the outer surface of the eye. It begins at the outer edge of the cornea covering the visible part of the sclera, and the lining the inside of the eyelids. It is noursihed by tiny blood vessels that are nearly invisible to the nakes eye. |
|
|
Term
| What secretes oils and mucous to mositen and lubricate the eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the section of the conjuctiva that coats the inner aspect of the eyelids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cover of the outer surface of the eue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a thin connective tissue membrane ensheathing the eyeball behind the conjuctiva, cover the posterior 2/3 of the eyeball and serves as a synovial sac |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| white outer coating of the eye made of tough fibrin connective tissue, which gives the eye its shape and helps protect the delicate inner anatomy |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the sclera? |
|
Definition
- protect the intraocular contents
- maintain the shape of the globe
|
|
|
Term
| Name the 6 extra-ocular muscles attached to the globe of the eye |
|
Definition
| There are 4 rectus muscles that are found in the superior, later, inferior, and medial aspects of the globe. The other 2 muscles are the oblique muscles attached at the superior and inferior positions. |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the eyelids |
|
Definition
| protect the eyes from the enviroment, injury,and light. They also maintain a smooth cornea surface by spreading tears evenly over the eyes |
|
|
Term
| What are the name of the glans taht produce oil, and are located at teh innder edge of the lids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the oily secreations of the meibominan glands called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dysfuntion of the meibomian glands can cause what? |
|
Definition
| dry eyes and occlusions can cause a Chalazion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paried glands, one for each eye, that secreates tears, each gland is about the size of almond and sits along the eyeball within the orbit |
|
|
Term
| Why does your nose run when you cry? |
|
Definition
| the lacrimal fluid flows through the lacrimal lake via the pucta to the lacrimal caniliculi at the inner corner of the eyelids then through the nasolacrimal duct, and finally into the nasal cavity. An excess of tears, as with strong emotion, can thus cause the nose to run |
|
|
Term
| Name the three types of tears and thier function |
|
Definition
basal-lubricates the cornea and keeps it free of dust (also can fight bacteria infection)
reflex-washes out irritants that have gotten into the eye
crying-excess tear production caused by emotional stress or pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transparent, dome-shaped window covering the front of the eye. It is powerful refracting surfact, providing 2/3 of the eye's focusing power |
|
|
Term
| Where are the more nerve endings then anywhere else in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pigmented, round,contractile membrane of the eye, suspended between the cornea and lens and perforated by the pupil |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the iris? |
|
Definition
- function as a diaphram to regulate the amount of light entering the eye
- it is the only internal oran of the body that is visible externally
|
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the control? |
|
Definition
| The iris controls the amount of light entering the eye by dilating or constricting the pupil. In bright light, the pupils shrink to the size of a pinhead to prevent much light from entering. In dim light, the pupil enlarges to allow more light to enter the eye |
|
|
Term
| What is the opening of the iris that appears black? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the reflex that controls the iris? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the thin, watery fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the iris (known as the anterior chamber). It is continually produced by the ciliary body. The fluid nourishes the cornea and the lens and gives the front of the eye its form and shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the eye containing the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. There are 2 sets of ciliary muscles ion the eye. they are near the front of the eye, above and below the lens. They are attached to the lens by connective tissue called the zonule of Zinn, and are responsible for shaping the lens to focus on the retina |
|
|
Term
| What happens to ciliary body when the muscle relaxes? |
|
Definition
| it flattens the lens which generally improves the focus farther objects. |
|
|
Term
| What happens when the ciliary muscle contracts? |
|
Definition
| the lens becomes more convex which generally improves the focus for closer objects. It also secrets aqueous humor within eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a circular channel in the eye that collects aqueos humor, (produced by the ciliary body) from the anterior chamber and delivers it into the bloodstream |
|
|
Term
| What happens when the canal of schlemm are blocked? |
|
Definition
| blockage of this canal can result in glaucoma, and increase in intraocular pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is biconvex transparent body situated behind the iris in the eye; it is normally amber in color and it focuses light waves on the retina. It is quite elastic and under constant tension |
|
|
Term
| What is the process where the lens focuses images on the retina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What holds the lens in place? |
|
Definition
| slendor but very strong suspensory ligaments (also known as zonules), which attach at one end to the lens capsule and at the other end to the ciliary processes of the circular ciliary body around the inside of the eye, hold the lens in place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is the change in direction of a light wave due to a chnage in its velocity. This is most commonly seen when a wave passes from one medium to another
In ophthalmology, refraction is defined as the bending of light that takes place within the human eye |
|
|
Term
| Most refractions occurs where? |
|
Definition
| in the cornea not the lens. The cornea has a refractive index of 1.8 diopters |
|
|
Term
| What is the power of accomodation of the healthy normal eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| term used to describe an inability of images to focus on the retina of the eye. The goal of glasses, contact lenses, and refractive surgery is to correct or improve these errors by helping images to focus closer to or onto the retina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nearsightedness-occurs when the eye is to long or the cornea is curved too steeply. The image focus in front of the retina causing distant objects to appear blurry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Farsightedness-occurs when the eye is too short or the cornea is too flat. The images focus beyond the retina and cause close objects to appear blurry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when the cornea is nort round like a basketball, but curved more like a football. The image focus at different planes and cause objects to appear blurry both at a distance and near. Often people have astigmatism as well as myopia or hyperopia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| begins to occur in most people around 40 when the lens of the eye begins to lose its elasticity. It is a normal aging process of the eye which makes it difficult to focus on near objects and is usually corrected with bifocals or reading glasses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clear gel which occupies the posterior compartment of the eye, located between the crystalline lens and the retina and occupying about 80% of the volume of the eyeball. Also provides a cushion support for the eye |
|
|
Term
| What makes up vitreous humor? |
|
Definition
1. 99% water
2. a network of collagen fibers
3.large molecules of hyaluronic acid
4.peripheral cells (hyalocytes)
5.inorganic salts
6. sugar
7. ascorbic acid |
|
|
