Term
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Definition
| Directly into the gastrointestinal tract |
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Term
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Definition
| An enteral tube that is surgically implanted directly into the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs that enhance propulsion of contents through the gut |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C |
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Term
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Definition
| Useful as a marker of nutritional status and is a sensitive indicator of protein synthesis and catabolism; this test is done frequently on patients receiving total parenteral nutrition |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of weight, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness, and significant loss of appetite in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight |
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Term
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Definition
| A serum triglyceride concentration > 400 mg/dL |
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Term
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Definition
| Measurement of heat that living organisms produce from their production of carbon dioxide (CO2) OR from their consumption of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| A reversible condition whre large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulate in liver cells via the process of stenosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Fatty acids that humans and other animals must ingest because the body requires them for good health but cannot synthesize them |
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Term
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Definition
| Water soluble proteins/enzymes concentrated in the cytoplasm of a number of different cells including the hepatocytes; liberated from the cells during tissue injury |
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Term
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Definition
| Injury to the liver that involves the bile ductal or cannalicular system |
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Term
| NAPQI (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine) |
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Definition
| The intermediary metabolite of acetaminophen that is responsible for the liver toxicity associated with this drug |
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Term
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Definition
| A quantitative scale used to assess liver function; assessment is based on presence or absence of ascites, encephalopathy and on levels of bilirubin, albumin and INR |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to assess the risk of mortality in patients with drug-induced liver injury; if ALT > 3 times baseline and bilirubin > 2 mg/dl, mortality risk is 10-15% |
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Term
| Drug-induced liver injury |
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Definition
| ALT > 3 times ULN, or alkaline phosphatase > 2 times ULN, or total bilirubin > 2 mg/dL with any change in ALT or alkaline phosphatase |
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Term
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Definition
| A series of enzymes involved in dephosphorylation. Present in most cells but concentrated in the liver, biliary system, intestines and bone. Elevations in alk phos often correlate with cholestasis |
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Term
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Definition
| Direct bilirubin; the water-soluble form that has been conjugated by the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| Indirect or free bilirubin |
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Term
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Definition
| ALT; the transaminase that is most highly concentrated in the liver; primary clinical marker for hepatocellular injury |
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