Term
| (201) What is the most important of the physiological needs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (201) What are the three main gas components of air and their respective percentages? |
|
Definition
Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
CO2 0.04% |
|
|
Term
| (201) If the atmospheric pressure is 523mmHg what is the corresponding oxygen composition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (201) How do the parietal and visceral pleura aid in the ability to breathe normally? |
|
Definition
| They are separated only by a thin film of serous fluid. The water molecules of this fluid are intensely attracted to one another causing surface tension needed to hold the pleural membranes tightly together. |
|
|
Term
| (201) Why does a patient diagnosed with COPD have a difficult time breathing? |
|
Definition
| Less air gets in and less air goes out because: the alveoli lose their elasticity (like an old rubber band), the walls between many of the alveoli are destroyed, the walls of the airways become thick and inflammed (swollen), cells in the airways make more mucus (sputum) than usual, which tends to clog the airways. |
|
|
Term
| (201) What vitamins are necessary for RBC production? |
|
Definition
| Vitamin B12 and folic acid are the B-complex vitamins necessary to the production of RBCs. |
|
|
Term
| (201) What lipids are found in blood plasma? |
|
Definition
| Plasma lipids include triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol. |
|
|
Term
| (201) Which type of lipoprotein has characteristics of having relatively high concentrations of cholesterol? |
|
Definition
| Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) |
|
|
Term
| (201) What is the minimum number of times ROM exercises should be performed? |
|
Definition
| Each exercise should be performed a minimum of 3-5 times, either actively of passively. |
|
|
Term
| (201) Define self-actualization |
|
Definition
| Reaching one's full potential |
|
|
Term
| (202) Name the five basic components of the patient care plan. |
|
Definition
| Assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation |
|
|
Term
| (202) What is a nursing diagnosis? |
|
Definition
| Diagnosis that analyzes the assessment data so the specific actual and potential health problems are identified. |
|
|
Term
| (202) What is the next step after the nursing diagnosis? |
|
Definition
| It is to plan the specific priorities and goals to eliminate of diminish the identified health problems. (planning pt care) |
|
|
Term
| (202) How can the health care team determine if the patient care plan was met? |
|
Definition
| Compare the actual outcome documented in the patient's chart and the expected outcomes to determine whether progress has been made. If the outcomes are considered met. |
|
|
Term
| (202) Making exceptions to your routines to meet special customer needs is an example of what customer service skill? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (202) What should you do if you cannot solve a patient's problem? |
|
Definition
| Find someone in the organization who can solve the problem; give the customer updates about what's happening; and follow up with the customer until they say the problem is resolved. |
|
|
Term
| (202) What have studies shown to be the most important thing you can do to build relationships? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (202) What does it mean to "empathize" with your customers? |
|
Definition
| Identify with their feelings; look for ways to show or state you understand their needs, frustrations, or disappointments. |
|
|
Term
| (202) What should you do before transferring a caller to another number? |
|
Definition
| Listen or question the caller long enough to find out exactly what is needed and then verify the appropriate person who can help them. Also give them the extension number in case they get disconnected. |
|
|
Term
| (202) What is not acknowledging a customer's presence immediately and courteously an example of? |
|
Definition
| A negative or nongreeting. |
|
|
Term
| (203) What two factors regulate the physiology of the body's cells? |
|
Definition
| The proper balance of fluids and chemicals regulates the physiology of the body's cells. |
|
|
Term
| (203) Explain the difference between anabolism and catabolism. |
|
Definition
Anabolism is when larger molecules are constructed from smaller ones requiring input of energy.
Catabolism is when larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones, releasing energy. |
|
|
Term
| (203) The joining of smaller molecules together and the leaving behind a water molecule is done through what process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hydrolysis is when the H2O molecule is used to break a larger compound into two smaller molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A catalyst is a particular molecule that can change the rate of a reaction without itself being consumed. |
|
|
Term
| (203) Explain how hydrogen peroxide depicts an enzyme catalyst. |
|
Definition
| Injured cells release enzymes; when hydrogen peroxide comes in contact with the enzymes, oxygen bubbles are released. The visual reaction of the foaming is the result of the debris being removed from inaccessible parts of the wound. |
|
|
Term
(203) Match the characteristics in column A to the chemical compound in column B. Each answer can be used only once.
(A)
1. Substance formed by the reaction between an acid and a base.
2. Ionized to release H+
3. Ionized to release ions that can combine with H+
(B)
a. Acid
b. Salt
c. Base |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (203) What are the PH levels for alkalosis and acidosis? |
|
Definition
Alkalosis blood pH is the range of 7.5 to 7.8
Acidosis is when the blood pH level falls down into the range of 7.0 to 7.3 |
|
|
Term
| (203) What is the most abundant substance in the body, and what is its major contribution in body function? |
|
Definition
Water.
Blood plasma is made up of 90+% water. It plays an important role in the transportation of chemicals whithin the body enabling vital substances to be transported throughout. |
|
|
Term
| (203) What are the three inorganic molecules and their functions? |
|
Definition
Water: Major component of body fluids where most biochemical reactions occur, helps regulate body temperature.
Oxygen: used in the release of energy from glucose molecules.
Carbon Dioxide: waste product that results from metabolism; reacts with H2O to form carbonic acid. |
|
|
Term
| (203) Chains of molecules up to 50,000 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (203) Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (203) Deamination process results in urea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (203) soluble in ether and chloroform |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (203) provides more energy gram for gram |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (203) is an enzyme catalyst |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (203) Water-soluble molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (203) Explain the three ways the body loses heat. |
|
Definition
Radiation: infared heat rays escape from warmer suface to cooler surroundings. These rays will release the heat in all directions.
Conduction: the heat moves away from the body directly into the molecules of cooler subjects you are in contact with.
Convection: is when there is a continuous circulation of cooler air that is warmed over a surface. |
|
|
Term
| (204) What are two major components of nutrients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (204) Minerals are usually extracted from what source? |
|
Definition
| Minerals are usually extracted from the soil by plants, and we in turn obtain then from the plant food sources or from the animal sources that have eaten the plants. |
|
|
Term
| (204) How do sodium and chloride maintain homeostasis of the body? |
|
Definition
| Soduim, chloride helps to maintain the electrolyte balance and regulate the pH level through the concentration of extracellular fluids in the body's cells. |
|
|
Term
| (204) Where is the concentration of potassium found at the cellular level? |
|
Definition
| Concentrated inside cells. |
|
|
Term
| (204) What is the primary concern when administering potassium intravenously, and how can it be prevented? |
|
Definition
| Pain at the injection site or phlebitis may occur, potassium should always be run at a slow rate, mixing potassium in an IV solution it must be mixed thoroughly by inverting and agitating the bag before the solution is hung for administration. |
|
|
Term
| (204) What triggers the body's need for more calcium intake, and what elements are needed to aid in the absorption in order to fulfill the need? |
|
Definition
| Calcium absorption is based on the body's need for the mineral. Needs the hlep of vitamin D and proteins to promote the calcium absorption. |
|
|
Term
| (204) What are some of the side effects of iron supplements? |
|
Definition
| Side effects include black stools, constipation or diarrhea, and nausea and vomiting. |
|
|
Term
| (205) Which cells are the first line of defense to fight diseases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (205) Explain the difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes? |
|
Definition
Granulocytes are leukocytes that have granular cytoplasm.
Agranulocytes are leukocytes that lack cytoplasmic granules. |
|
|
Term
| (205) What is phagocytosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (205) Which lymphocyte is responsible for producing the biochemical cytokine, and what is the cytokine used for? |
|
Definition
| T lymphocytes (T-cells) produce cytokine, a protein necessary for proper cell reproduction and division, and is directly linked to the immune responses. |
|
|
Term
| (205) Which leukocytes are the most active phagocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (205) What are the seven regions of major lymph node locations and their respective functions? |
|
Definition
Cervical - associated with theh lymphatic vessel that drains the skin of the scalp, face and the tissue of the nasal cavity and pharynx.
Axillary - drains lymph into the upper limbs, wall of the thorax, the mammary glands, and the upper wall of the abdomen.
Inguinal - receive lumph from the lower limbs, the external genitalia, and the lower abdominal wall.
Pelvic cavity - receive lymph from the lymphatic vessels of the pelvic viscera
Abdominal cavity - primarily receive lymph from the abdominal viscera
Thoracic cavity - they receive lymph from the thoracic viscera and from the internal wall of the thorax
Supratrochlear (peripheral) - in children they are often enlarged as a result of infections from cuts and scrapes of the hands. |
|
|
Term
| (205) Which organ is considered the primary central gland of the lymphatic system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (205) Hypersensitivit reaction is also known as what type of reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (205) Explain autoimmunity |
|
Definition
| The virus "borrows" proteins from the body's cells during replication and incorporates them into the virus cell and gives the body cell some of the viral proteins. When the immune system identifies the virus to destroy it, it also recognizes the virus proteins in the body's cell and miss-identifies the body cell as a viral cell that should be destroyed. |
|
|
Term
| (206) What are the three types of wound closure treatment, and give a brief description of each? |
|
Definition
1) Primary - little tissue loss or damage, wound edges are approximated and leaving only a slight chance for infection.
2) Secondary - a wound that has tissue loss such as a pressure ulcer or severe laceration, the edges of the wound are not approximated and the wound is left completely open to close form the inside to the out with granulation tissue and then scar tissue.
3) Tertieary-intention healing - delayed closure because there is a delay in suturing the wound, wounds are sutured after the granulation tissue has begun to form. |
|
|
Term
| (207) What are the two most common psychological disorders noted in patients suffering from chronic medical conditions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (207) What are the five steps of psychological recovery many patients have in common? |
|
Definition
Shock and disorientation,
fear and anxiety,
depression,
guild,
post-traumatic stress disoder |
|
|
Term
| (207) What are the five common ways fear and anxiety are expressed? |
|
Definition
1. Feeling anger and withdrawal
2. Being needy for safety, security, and nurturing
3. Reverting to childlike behaviors when dealing with stress.
4. Becomming aggressive, demanding, tearful, and more dependent on others.
5. Focusing on thoughts of survival, comfort, and treatment procedures, which can influence your fear. |
|
|
Term
| (207) Patients suffering from what type of injury are most likely to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder? Explain why this is true. |
|
Definition
| A thermal burn. Even though the burn event has ended, they may still experience physical and mental suffering that is associated with it. |
|
|
Term
(201) What actions can the health care team provide to alleviate some of the concerns Mr. Jones has concerning how he will ever recover in order to return to work to meet the families' financial needs?
a. Expect the family to care for Mr. Jones during his recovery.
b. Cancel Mr. Jones' surgery until he feels financially prepared.
c. Perform all the tests Mr. Jones requests until he feels confident.
d. provide a structured recovery plan that involves Mr. Jones and his family. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(201) Above what altitude is supplemental oxygen or positive cabin pressure necessary?
a. 4,000 feet
b. 6,000 feet
c. 10,000 feet
d. 12,000 feet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(201) Which of the gas laws demonstrates molecular concentration?
a. Boyle's
b. Charles's
c. Dalton's
d. Henry's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(201) Plasma lipids include what three substances?
a. Vitamins, minerals, and herbs
b. Water, sucrose, and polyunsaturated fats
c. Nitrogen, cargon dioxide, and glucosaccaride
d. Triglycerides, phosopholipids and cholesterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(201) What two actions are included in the physiological need of rest?
a. pain freed and rest
b. rest and activity
c. activity and pain free rest
d. pain free and exercise |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(201) Self-esteem is interrelated with which attribute?
a. Love
b. Safety
c. Security
d. Self-actualization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(202) What systemic method is used to identify a patient's problem and methodically organize interventions needed to assist the patient to the expected outcome of recovery?
a. nursing process
b. medical standards
c. wellness assessment
d. surgical rehabilitation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(202) what are the three different ways assessment information is gathered?
a. verbal, identifiable, and social
b. attainable, non-verbal, and social
c. identifiable, physiological, and social
d. physiological, non-verbal, and verbal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(202) Choosing specifi intervention during the planning step of the nursing process involves collaboration among the
a. nurse and patient
b. AMSC and the patient
c. nurse, AMSC, and patient
d. health care provider and the patient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(202) What is the next step when the expected outcomes of the nursing care plan are not met?
a. health care provider will decide whether the patient is to receive home health care.
b. process starts all over again, beginning with the assessment of the current problems.
c. patient will look for a new health care team to offer a second opinion to the problems.
d. nurse will collaborate with the family to determine if they can continue the care plan at home. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(202) when a mistake is made when determining a patient's need what action should be taken?
a. leave a note for the nurse to follow-up with the patient.
b. ask a co-worker to call the patient and correct the problem.
c. Do nothing, because the patient will return for follow-up care.
d. apologize and take action to make things right for the patient. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(202) what attitude or personality is projected when you are not facing a patient when you are speaking to them?
a. apathetic
b. empathetic
c. sympathetic
d. compassionate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(202) which of the following non-verbal body language does not portray a pleasing, helpful and approachable attitude?
a. smiles
b. wide eyes
c. open body stance
d. fluid body movements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(202) the rule of thumb to keep an individual on hold is how long?
a. 10 sec
b. 30 sec
c. 1 min
d. 3 min |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(203) cellular metabolism is controlled by a specific kind of
a. muscle
b. protein
c. glucose
d. enzyme |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(203) what universal measurement is used to represent the true hydrogen ion concentration?
a. pH scale
b. apothecary system
c. chemical catalyst reactions
d. organic molecular structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(203) the term basic when referred to chemical compounds is also know as
a. dense
b. bonded
c. alkaline
d. synthesized |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(203) organic compounds contain both hydrogen and
a. carbon
b. oxygen
c. nitrogen
d. dextrose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(203) the three primary inorganic molecules are
a. hydrogen, iron, sulfate
b. nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen
c. ocygen nitrogen, aluminum
d. water, oxygen, carbon dioxide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(203) which inorganic ion is necessary for the polarization of cell membranes?
a. hydrogen ions (H+)
b. chloride ions (CL-)
c. Potassium ions (K+)
d. Magnesium ions (Mg+2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(203) when an excessive amount of fats are metabolized, it can be noted by
a. excessive thirst and nocturia
b. acetone in the breath and urine
c. constant hunger despite calorie intake
d. severe vomiting resulting in weight loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(203) through the deamination process, the liver removes what protein molecule resulting in urea?
a. carbon
b. oxygen
c. nitrogen
d. amino acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(203) the body's response to shivering is to
a. produce more heat
b. reduce muscle tension
c. preduce a drop in temperature
d. reduce the heart rate and lower blood pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(203) How does high humidity affect body temperature?
a. humid air is saturated with water making it very difficult for sweat to evaporate and cool the body.
b. the dense humid air causes the muscles in the body to relax, thus lowering the body temperature
c. the humidity makes the air thinner allowing the peripheral blood vessels to dilate causing shivering to increase the body temperature
d. humidity causes the peripheral blood vessels constrict and the body is not able to produce enough sweat to decrease body temperature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(204) folic acid deficiency during pregnancy can result in
a. cause abruption during labor
b. downs syndrom in newborns
c. severe eclampsia in the mother
d. neural tube defects in newborns |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(204) vitamin does not include wich of the following functions?
a. preventing liver disease
b. healing wounds
c. preventing scurvy
d. absorption of iron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(204) large doses of vitamin C cause all of the following except
a. heartburn
b. GI distress
c. constipation
d. kidney stones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(204) a vitamin D deficiency causes
a. anemia
b. rickettsia
c. scurvy
d. rickets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(204) vitamin D interacts with all of the following except
a. digitalis
b. calcium
c. mineral oil
d. thiazide diuretics (HCTZ) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(204) vitamin E is not necessary for which of the following functions?
a. absorption of calcium
b. normal metabolism
c. protection of tissues in the eye
d. prevention of liver diseases. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(204) a primary sign of vitamin E overdose is readily seen through the disease process of
a. rickets
b. night blindness
c. pernicious anemia
d. prolonged clotting times |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(204) vitamin K will not treat which of the following ailments?
a. heparin overdose
b. ulcerative colitis
c. malabsorption syndromes
d. prolonged use of salicylates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(204) which of the following vitamins is not fat-soluble?
a. vitamin a
b. vitamin c
c. vitamin e
d. vitamin k |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(204) signs of sodium chloride deficiency can be seen
a. during a blood transfusion
b. as a result of not using table salt
c. when an individual is unable to sink in water
d. through excessive amounts of fluid loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(204) where would you find a concentration of potassium?
a. intracellular
b. peripherally
c. extracellular
b. centrally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(204) the primary route of treatment for potassium deficiency due to severe dehydration is
a. oral
b. topical
c. intravenous
d. transdermal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(204) oral iron supplements should not be taken with
a. tea, milk, or coffee
b. soda, water, or milk
c. orange or grapefruit juice
d. coffee, cranberry juice or water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(204) which route is injectable iron administered?
a. intradermal
b. intravenous
c. transdermal
d. z-track |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(205) which of the following is an accurate definition of leukocytes?
a. protect agains disease as the cellular level.
b. proliferate hemoglobin and carry oxygen to the body
c. leukocytes are the body's only defense against infection
d. carry amino acids to the kidneys for deamination and excretion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(205) which protein is necessary for proper cell reproduction and division?
a. amino acids
b. bundle
c. cytokine
d. proline |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(205) what type of fluid is found in lymphatic capillaries?
a. blood
b. plasma
c. leukocytes
d. tissue fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(205) lymph nodes contain what cells in large numbers in order to fight invading microorganisms?
a. lymphocytes and macrophages
b. monocytes and phagocytes
c. neutrophils and leukocytes
d. polyleukocytes and monocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(205) which region of lymph nodes receives lymph from the lower limbs, external genitalia, and the lower abdominal wall?
a. abdominal
b. inguinal
c. pelvic cavity
d. supratrochlear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(205) the thymus gland functions in association with which body system?
a. skeletal
b. endocrine
c. respiratory
d. cardiovascular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(205) the endocrine activity of the thymus is dependent on which hormone?
a. adrenosterone
b. estrogen
c. thyrotropin
d. thymosin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(205) which organ is the largest lymphatic organ?
a. brain
b. liver
c. spleen
d. skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(205) Nathan has broken out with the chickenpox for the first time. His body's response is called
a. primary immune response
b. partial immune response
c. secondary immune response
d. single immune response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(205) how many days from first exposure to chickenpox will it take for an individual's antibody concentration to be high enough to detect susceptibility to develop chickenpox?
a. immediately
b. 34-72hrs
c. 5-10 days
d. one month |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(205) children who receive routine childhood immunizations are protected by
a. artificially acquired immunity
b. naturally acquired passive immunity
c. artificially acquired passive immunity
d. naturally acquired active immunity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(205) when an individual has received an injection of antiserum, they are protected by
a. artificially acquired immunity
b. naturally acquired passive immunity
c. artificially acquired passive immunity
d. naturally acquired active immunity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(206) the fibrous structural protein collagen is found in all connective tissue during which stage of healing?
a. bruising
b. maturation
c. inflammation
d. reconstruction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(206) the bright red color and the pain associated with a cyst is due to
a. bruising
b. maturation
c. inflammation
d. reconstruction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(206) how long could the reconstruction healing take?
a. 24hrs
b. 3-4day
c. 2-3weeks
d. 1-2years |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
(207) for many patients who suffer from severe injuries or medical conditions, their first psychological reaction is:
a. guilt
b. acceptance
c. fear and anxiety
d. shock and disorientation |
|
Definition
|
|
