Term
| functionalist approach (emotion) |
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Definition
| emphasizes that the broad functions of emotions is to energize behavior aimed at attaining personal goals |
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- rapid appraisal of the personal significance of the situation, which prepares you for action
- o expresses readiness to establish, maintain, or change your relation to the environment on a matter of importance to you |
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- universal in humans and other primates, have long evolutionary history or promoting survival, can be directly inferred from facial expressions
- become clear and well organized around 6 mos |
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| - borad grin, between 6-10 weeks, parent’s communication evokes |
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- reaction to unfamiliar adults
- most frequent expression of fear |
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| familiar caregiver to use as an anchor to use to be able to explore the outside world |
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- second, higher-order set of feelings, involve injury to or enhance out self-esteem
- Include embarrassment, shame, guilt, envy, pride |
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Term
| Emotional self-regulation |
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Definition
- refers to strategies we use to adjust the intensity of our emotional reactions to a comfortable level so we can accomplish our goals
- o Emerges as frontal lobes develop and caregivers sensitively assist infants in adjusting their emotional reactions |
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- appraise the situation as changeable, identify the difficulty, and decide what to do about it
- used to regulate emotion (by age 10) |
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- internal, private, aimed at controlling distress when little can be done about the outcome
- used to regulate emotions (by age 10) |
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| specify when, where, and how it is appropriate to express emotions, diff in diff societies |
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| involved relying on another person’s emotional reaction to appraise an uncertain situation |
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- involves a complex interaction of cognition and affect: the ability to detect different emotions, to take another’s emotional perspective, and to feel with that person, or respond emotionally in a similar way
- Important motivator of prosocial, or altruistic, behavior
- When it escalates into personal distress, doesn’t lead to sympathy and resulting acts of kindness and helpfulness |
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Definition
| actions that benefits another person w/o expected reward |
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| actions that benefits another person w/o expected reward |
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| feelings of concern or sorrow for another’s plight, and resulting acts of kindness and helpfulness |
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| early-appearing, stable individual difference in reactivity and self-regulation |
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Definition
- one thomas and chess's temperamental patterns
- (40%) quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, generally cheerful, adapts easily |
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Definition
- one thomas and chess's temperamental patterns
- (10%) irregular daily routines, slow to accept new experiences, reacts negatively and intensely |
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Definition
- one thomas and chess's temperamental patterns
- (15%) inactive, shows mild low-key reactions to stimuli, negative in mood, adjusts slowly |
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Definition
| ability to regulate reactivity, suppressing a dominant response for a more adaptive one |
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Term
| inhibited (or shy) children |
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Definition
| react negatively to and withdraw from novel stimuli |
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Term
| uninhibited (or sociable) children |
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Definition
| display positive emotion to and approach novel stimuli |
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Term
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- describes how a child’s temperament and env work together to affect later dev
- Parenting practices that create a good fit w/ child’s temp. help difficult, shy, and highly active kids achieve more adaptive functioning |
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Definition
| strong affectionate tie we feel for special ppl in our lives |
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| Ethological theory of attachment |
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Definition
- views babies as biologically prepared to contribute to ties w/ caregiver, which promotes survival by ensuring safety and competence
- most widely accepted theory |
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Definition
| becoming upset when the adult on whom they rely leaves |
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Definition
- preattachment- (B-6 weeks) built-in behavior encourage parent to remain close
- “Attachment-in-the-making” phase (6 weeks to 6-8 mos) infants respond differently to cargiver (ex. social smile)
- “Clear-cut” attachment- • 6-8 mos separation anxiety and use of parent as secure base indicate a clear-cut attachment bond
- Formation of reciprocal relationship- Stanger anxiety declines as preschoolers better understand the parent’s coming and going |
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Term
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Definition
- set of expectations about the availability of attachment figures, their likelihood of providing support, and self’s interaction w/ them
- serves as guide for all future relationships |
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Definition
(Ainsworth) lab technique to measure quality of attachment btwn 1 and 2
- identified 4 attachment patterns |
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Definition
- 1/4 attachment patterns
- use parent as secure base, when parent returns, seeks contact and crying reduces |
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- 1/4 attachment patterns
- unresponsive to parent when present, treat stranger same way, avoid parent upon reunion |
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- 1/4 attachment patterns
- seeks closeness to parent, doesn’t explore, upset when parent leaves, combines clinging and ager upon return |
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- 1/4 attachment patterns
- upon reunion infants show contradictory behavior, dazed facial expression, display odd frozen postures, may cry out after calmed |
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| a home observation method suitable for children btwn 1-4 yrs, scores ranging from high to low security |
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Definition
- responding promptly, consistently, and appropriately to infants and holding them tenderly
- Moderately related to secure attachment |
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Definition
- special form of comm., sensitive back and forth of emotional responses
- Separates the experiences of secure from insecure babies |
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Term
| 4 factors afftecting attachment security |
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Definition
| opportunity for attachment, quiality of attachment, infant chars, family circumstances |
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Term
| developmentally appropriate practice |
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Definition
| children’s learning opportunities and warmth, sensitivity, and stability of their caregivers are esp high |
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