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| Spain.To decide who was to take over the Habsburg Monarchy |
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| SPAIN. ended Wars of Succession |
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| Bourbon placed in control of spain, Severely reduced debt by cutting military spending and church/mission funding |
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| Enlightenment king, fully supported it. |
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| French (Napoleon) cede Louisiana Territory to Spain. |
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ends French-Indian Wars. Treaty gives Spain all french land West of the Miss. River.
-Britain takes florida from spain |
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| Visitador general, sent to New Spain. expanded new spain territory |
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| Common Sense, everyone reading the same thing at the same time: power of the written word. helped start the revolution |
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Ends American Revolution, America Recognized.
England returns Florida to Spain |
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| Spain gives France LA territory under the impression they would receive empire in Italy, never received this promise |
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| Francois Toussaint Louverture: educated slave led revolution, put fear into slave owners in N and S america, starting pandemic where they believe educated slaves will revolt |
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Napoleon & Jefferson
Port of deposit: place to dock ships and chill |
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Lewis & Clark: go from sea to sea
Zebulon Pike: promoted interest in TX and NM |
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| What sparks the Mexican revolution? |
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| Napoleon invades Spain and captures king Ferdinand and puts his brother Joseph Bonaparte in charge. |
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Last person to face inquisition.
Another failed attempt to rally a revolution |
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| considered the father of mexico, led peasants in the first revolt against the pensulares. was tried and executed |
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| Successfully acquired Mexican independence, became Mexico's first president for one year. |
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Spanish Constitution of 1812:
Three Guarantees |
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-Mexico is to remain a monarchy
-Catholicism is the national religion
-All people treated equal |
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| Problems of Articles of Confederation |
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congress had no power
No arms, no taxes
war debts
all states had their own currency
no uniformity |
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Revolts held in Mass
Demanded a revision of Articles of confed |
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| Congress's Philadelphia convention |
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Rhode Island was only state not represented.
Key figures: Ben Franklin=oldest member
James Madison- Father of Constitution, 4th President |
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Father of Constitution, 4th pres.
Believed one group should never have too much influence to avoid one side having sole control of government.
Political stability was a result of compromise |
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The government should have 3 branches
Legislative: Makes laws
Executive: president
Judicial: courts (replaced Confedration's congress) |
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How would people be elected president?- Sherman suggested: the nation should have a 2 house legislature.
House of Reps: Proportional representation, according to pop
Senate: Equal representation. 2 from each state, census counts |
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Federalists
Anti-Federalists |
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Fed: Pro constitution-believed in a strong government
anti: anti const.-believed a strong gvmt was a threat to American liberties and rights |
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Essays by alexander hamilton, john jay, Madison
stated that US was in crisis, in anarchy, economy was stagnant and failing |
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Passed Judiciary Act 1789-established Supreme Ct and Lower federal cts
Supreme courts have the right to review state laws/ court decisions to determine their constitutionality |
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Texas Separation:
Empresario Grants
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for every 100 migrants, contractor receives 23,000 acres
Steven Austin brought 300 families.
Must be Roman Catholic or convert
Must Pledge allegiance to Mexico |
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| Mexican Constitutions (3) |
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1812-spanish (3 guarentees)
1824- Liberal
1836- Conservative |
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Manifest Destiny, must extend from sea to sea, Indians are in the way
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| Convention along the Brazos |
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reason Alamo didn't get support
Deciding who would be Texas' president
David Burnet- Pres
Lorenzo de Zavala VP
Sam Houston- Commander in Cheif of armies |
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| Massacre. Col Fannin ordered to kill all 350 POW even though they surrendered. |
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| Defining battle. Houston defeated Santa Anna ending war, Texas becomes an independent |
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Mexican American War
Army of the West |
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| Kearny. Kit carson accidently gives false info about California, Bear flag revolt. |
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Mexican American War
Army of the Center |
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Taylor & Doniphan
Battle of Monterrey and Buena Vista.
Taylor ignored Polks order to stay in Monterrey and headed on to BV |
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Mexican American War
Army of Occupation |
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Scott. Battle of Vera Cruz, Robert e Lee-engineer, able to get troops up places mexicans thought they couldn't get to
Captured Chapultepec Castle |
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| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
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Nicholas Trist
Settled Nueces Strip dispute, Us gains territory N of Gila River. Separated Baja& Alta CA. US pays 15 million, half of what Slidell originally offered |
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VII & IX= who are citizens? congress decides
Article X- Who has land? It must be proved to own your property |
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| Arizona, Mesillas Valley and everything South of the Gila River |
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Taylor elected president
CA admitted as a free state
NM and Utah become TERRITORIES
Popular Sover. would determine if theyre slave or free terr. |
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North: Fugitive slaves have some protection
South: all citizens should aid in capturing slaves |
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
most powerful attack on slavery
started revolution |
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Small scale civil war
Brown tried and hung
praised by N
S thought he was a fanatic
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Master died, left him free. He traveled to Slave state, sued for freedom. Ruled that no African American could be a citizen
NOTE: congress had no power to prohibit slavery anywhere |
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Fort Sumter
Presidents: Lincoln in N
Jeff Davis in S
Confederates are the aggressor |
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| Expectations of the South |
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-wanted to protect slavery
-Believed they're superior fighter
-Cotton dependency, win foreign support
Robert E Lee |
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| Expectations of the North |
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-Act of succession an attack on best gvmt in the world
-industrial capacity & transportation networks
Ulyssess S Grant |
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Both N&S thought war would end quickly
Young men enlisted enthusiatically |
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| Confederacy disintegrates |
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internal problems: hella casualties
Food riots by women
Women wanted war to end |
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