Term
|
Definition
| Referred left shoulder pain - possible splenic injury or ectopic pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Back, leg pain on knee extension - possible bacterial meningitis |
|
|
Term
CLINICAL SIGNS:
Brudzinski's |
|
Definition
| Back, leg pain on neck flexion - possible bacterial meningitis or subarachnoid bleed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crunching sound heard with auscultation over the anterior chest synchronized with heartbeat - tracheobronchial injury |
|
|
Term
X-RAY FNDINGS
Steeple sign |
|
Definition
| Possible croup (laryngotracheaobonchitis) A/P neck view |
|
|
Term
X-RAY FINDINGS
Thumbprint sign |
|
Definition
| Possible epiglottitis lateral neck view |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pCO2 high = pH low (acidosis)
pCO2 low = pH high (alkalosis)
pH low = HCO3 low (acidosis)
pH high = HCO3 high (alkolosis)
pCO2 = 35-45 respiratory
pH = 7.35-7.45 metabolic
HCO3 = 22-26 metabolic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nipride and beta-blockers |
|
|
Term
| FIRST ADJUSTMET ON VENTILATOR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRAUMA
1. Most common dislocation
2. Most common spontaneous recurrence |
|
Definition
1. Hip
2. Anterior shoulder |
|
|
Term
BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE
(BNP) |
|
Definition
Heart failure marker that measures BNP released by an overdistension of the heart
Below 100 = normal
Above 500-700 = heart failure |
|
|
Term
| ROTOR-WING PILOT REQUIRED HOURS |
|
Definition
2000 hours
1000 PIC
100 hours at night |
|
|
Term
| "BOTTLE-TO-THROTTLE" TIME |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CVP
MEASURES NORMAL PARAMETER
WHICH PORT TO USE |
|
Definition
Measures: preload (right atrial pressure)
Norm: 2-6 mmHg
Port: proximal port |
|
|
Term
SPINAL CORD SYNDROMES
(ABC)"A"
ANTERIOR CORD |
|
Definition
| Anterior: complete motor, pain and temperature loss below the lesion |
|
|
Term
SPINAL CORD SYNDROMES
(ABC)"B"
BROWN-SEQUARD |
|
Definition
| Brown: ipsilateral loss of motor, position and vibration sense;contralateral loss of pain and temperature perception |
|
|
Term
SPINAL CORD SYNDROMES
(ABC)"C"
CENTRAL CORD SYNDROME |
|
Definition
| Central: great motor weakness in UE than LE with varying degrees of sensory loss |
|
|
Term
SPINAL CORD SYNDROMES
(ABC)
AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA |
|
Definition
| Auronomic: Urinary retention, massive increase in sympathetic tone which can cause HTN, treated by insertion of foley |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
UO: 30-50 mL/hr (adult)
UO: 1-2 mL/hr (peds) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Blood volume: 70 mL/kg (adult)
Blood volume: 80 mL/kg (peds) |
|
|
Term
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
MILD HYPOTHERMIA
MODERATE HYPOTHERMIA
SEVERE HYPOTHERMIA |
|
Definition
Normal: 37.6/98.6
Mild 32-36 (decreasing HR)
Moderate: 29-32 (loss of shivering, ALOC)
Severe: 20-28 (coma, VF common) |
|
|
Term
TWO MAJOR CAUSES OF HEAT LOSS?
THERMOREGULATION CEASES AT? |
|
Definition
Radiation, evaporation
28 degrees |
|
|
Term
| RULES OF FLIGHT FOLLOWING |
|
Definition
Sterile cockpit during critical phase of flight
15 minutes maximum between communication center during flight
45 minutes maximum while on the ground |
|
|
Term
| ROTOR WING SHUT-OFF SEQUENCE |
|
Definition
Remember "TFB"
throttle
fuel
battery
Take survival bag and meet at twelve o'clock position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ORDER OF HOW TO ASSESS THE ABDOMEN |
|
Definition
Inspect
Auscultation
Palpation
Percussion |
|
|
Term
| CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR THROMBOLYTICS |
|
Definition
History of hemorrhagic stroke
CVA last 12 months
SBP over 180
Pregnancy or 1 month postpartum |
|
|
Term
FARs
LOCAL FLYING AREA
DETERMINED BY CELL PHONES PROHIBITED |
|
Definition
Part 91: no passengers
Part 135: passengers (14 hours max for pilots)
Certificate holder
While airborne |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PaO2: plasma-measured as preasure
SaO2: hemoglobin-measured as percentage
Nitrogen release in obese patients, administer high flow O2 15 minutes to lift off to wash out nitrogen |
|
|
Term
NORMAL PEDIATRIC SBP?
WHEN DOES IT DROP? |
|
Definition
"BP last to go"
SBP: 90+(2 x age)
After loss of 25%
DBP: 2/3 the SBP |
|
|
Term
| THREE KILLERS OF VENTILATOR PATIENTS DURING FLIGHT |
|
Definition
Pericardial tamponade
Tension pneumothorax
Hypovolemia |
|
|
Term
DEATH FROM CRUSH INJURY DUE TO?
COMPLICATIONS OF CRUSH INJURY? |
|
Definition
Death due to: renal failure
Complications: DIC, compartment syndrome, renal failure, hyperkalemia |
|
|
Term
CAMTS
1. MEDICAL DIRECTORS NOT REQUIRED TO:
2: INTUBATION REQUIREMENT:
3. LIVE INTUBATION REQUIRED DURING TRAINING:
4. SPECIALTY TEAM RESPONSE TIME: |
|
Definition
1. Live in same state
2. quarterly
3. Five
4. 45 minutes |
|
|
Term
CAMTS
1. PILOT AREA ORIENTATION DAY/NIGHT
2. HELIPAD REQUIRED TO HAVE:
3. FIXED WING TWIN ENGINE TIME:
4. AMBULANCE FUEL REQUIREMENT:
ELT SET OFF AT:
UNIFORM FIT: |
|
Definition
1. 5 hours day/2 hours night
2. 2 paths, security
3. 500 hours
4. 175 miles
5. 4g's
6. 1/4 space between body and uniform |
|
|
Term
APPLIED GAS LAWS
THE BENDS, DECOMPRESSION, SODA CAN, CO2 IN BLOOD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
APPLIED GAS LAWS
TISSUE SWELLING,HYPOXIC HYPOXIA, O2 AVAILABLE AT ALTITUDE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
APPLIED GAS LAWS
CELLULAR GAS EXCHANGE, DIFFUSION |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
APPLIED GAS LAWS
OXYGEN TANK PRESSURE IN HEAT OR COLD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
APPLIED GAS LAWS
BP CUFF, ETT CUFF, MAST |
|
Definition
| Boyle's law IABP purges with ascent or descent |
|
|
Term
APPLIED GAS LAWS
TRAUMA AND KINEMATICS
HIGH VELOCITY
MEDIUM VELOCITY
LOW VELOCITY |
|
Definition
High = above 2000F FPS
Medium = 1000-2000 FPS
Low = under 1000 FPS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tumbling: rotation on 360 degree axis
Yaw: deviation up to 90 degrees from straight path |
|
|
Term
NORMAL VALUES
CVP/RAP
CARDIAC OUTPUT
CARDIAC INDEX
PULMONARY ARTERY SYSTOLIC/DYSTOLIC
WEDGE (PAWP/PCWP)
SVR |
|
Definition
CVP = 2-6
CO: SV x HR (4-8 L/min)
CI: 2.5-4.2
PAS/PAD: 15-25/8-15
PAWP/wedge: 8-12
SVR: 800-1200 dynes/sec/cm-5
When assessing CVP or PA, pressures on a mechanically ventilated patient, assess pressures at the end of exhalation |
|
|
Term
CHEST/ABD TRAUMA
CHEST TUBE LOCATION?
NEEDLE THORACOSTOMY?
SUSPECT WITH FRACTURE OF FIRST 3 RIBS?
SCAPHOID ABDOMEN INDICATES? |
|
Definition
Fourth IC space, anterior-axillary
(chest tube)
Second ICS midclavicular or the fifth ICS anterior
mid-axillary line (needle thoracostomy)
Aortic Disruption
Diaphragmatic rupture |
|
|
Term
HIGH RISK OB
ABRUPTIO PLACENTA
PLACENTA PREVIA
TERBUTALINE DOSE
DEFINE POSTPARTUM
HEMORRHAGE
UTERINE RUPTURE |
|
Definition
Abruptio: dark red, painful
Placenta previa: red, painless
Terbutaline: 0.25 SQ
PP hemorrhage: over 500 mL
Fetal parts can be palpated over abdomen |
|
|
Term
| EFFECTS OF ALTITUDE WORSEN WITH: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
GAY-LUSSAC'S LAW
TWO COMPONENTS |
|
Definition
Temperature increases and pressure increases
Temperature decreases and pressure decreases
EXAMPLE:
oxygen tank pressure at 2200 in the afternoon, pressure drops to 1800 in the evening (temperature declined in the evening, pressure decreased) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Combines Boyle's and Charlie's laws |
|
|
Term
GRAHAM'S LAW
DEFINITION
EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Gas moves from high to low concentration
EXAMPLES
gas through liquid, cellular gas exchange |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gas in liquid proportional to gas above liquid
EXAMPLES:
"the bends" CO2 in blood, decompression |
|
|
Term
VOLUME OF GAS IN GI EXPANDS THRICE AT WHAT ALTITUDE?
WHAT LAW EFFECTS THE GI THE MOST? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
CVP
CARDIAC OUTPUT
CARDIAC INPUT
PAS/PAD
PAWP
SVR
HEART RATE |
|
Definition
CVP: high
CO: low
CI: low
PAS/PAD: high
PCWP: high
SVR: high
Heart rate initially fast, then slows down |
|
|
Term
BOYLES LAW
TWO COMPARTMENTS EFFECTS |
|
Definition
increased volume = decreased pressure
Examples:
cuffs, MAST, GI, ETT, IABP |
|
|
Term
CHARLES' LAW
TWO COMPONENTS EFFECTS |
|
Definition
Temperature and volume proportional (increased temperature = increased volume)
Up 100 meters = down 1 degree C |
|
|
Term
ENVIRONMENTAL
1. PASSIVE REWARMING?
2. ACTIVE REWARMING?
3. WARM AND DEAD?
4. HEAT STROKE |
|
Definition
1. Mild hypothermia only. Up 1 degree C/hr with blankets, heater
2. apply heat to body
3. 32 degrees C
4. over 42 degrees C |
|
|
Term
CLINICAL SIGNS
1. GREY TURNER'S SIGN
2. COOPERNAIL'S SIGN
3. HALSTEAD'S SIGN
4. CULLEN'S SIGN
5. mURPHY'S SIGN
6. LEVINE'S SIGN |
|
Definition
1. Flank bruising (retroperitoneal bleeding)
2. scrotum/labia (abdominal/pelvic bleeding)
3. marbeled abdomen (bleeding)
4. Umbilical discoloration (pancreatitis)
5. RUQ pain with inspiration (gallbladder)
6. Fist to chest "cluthing" (cardiac) |
|
|
Term
TYPES OF HYPOXIA
1. HYPOXIC HYPOXIA
2. HYPEMIC HYPOXIA
3. HISTOTOXIC HYPOXIA
4. STAGNANT HYPOXIA |
|
Definition
1. Altitude hypoxia, decreased alveolar oxygen, tension pneumo (e.g., altitude)
2. Decreased 02 carrying capacity in blood
3. poisioning (e.g., nitrates)
4. decreased cardiac output, poor circulation (e.g., g-forces, CHF) |
|
|
Term
High Risk OB
1. Normal FHR
2. factors fetal well-being
3. Most important factor
4. TX for fetal distress |
|
Definition
1. 120-160
2. FHR, fetal movement, variability
3. variability
4. LOCK: Left lateral recumbent, 02, correct contributing factors, keep reassessing |
|
|
Term
CHF considerations
preload
lab test
medications |
|
Definition
many CHF patients are relatively hypovolemic. Careful with diuretics and mediations that can decrease preload
BNP= lab test nonspecific >500
No beta-blockers, except for carvidolol (coreg)
natractor (neseritide)= synthetic version of BNP |
|
|
Term
| Primary cause of death with ventilator dependent patients |
|
Definition
| Ventilator acquired pneumonia |
|
|
Term
Digoxin
class
causes what electrolyte imbalance
ECG changes |
|
Definition
cardiac glycoside
hypokalcemia
ECG- "dig dip" ST depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PEEP
CXR reveals widespread pulmonary infiltrates; glass like appearance |
|
|
Term
PEEP
effects of PEEP
normal physiological PEEP |
|
Definition
PEEP
increased vascular resistance
Can cause hypotension over 15 cm H2O
Normal range: 3-5 cm H2O |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Over 220 systolic
MAP over |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sodium
Normal sodium 135-145 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ABCs, neurological assessment, Differential diagnosis for altered mental status: AEIOUTIPS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A= Alcohol
E= Electrolytes
Encephalopathy
Electrolytes
I: Insulin
O: 0-2
U: Uremia
T: Toxidromes
Trauma
Temperature
I: Infection
P: Psych
Pyphoria
Pharmacy
S. Space occupying lesions
Subarachnoid hemmorage
Stroke
Sepsis |
|
|
Term
Bowel sounds in chest cavity?
Crunching sound heard over chest with auscultation, may be synchronized with heartbeat? |
|
Definition
Bowel sounds heard
Diaphragmatic upture
most common in the left chest
Crunching sounds heard
associated with tracheobronchial injury and is called hamman's sign |
|
|
Term
| Preferred method for moving spinal injured patients |
|
Definition
| Scoop stretcher preffered rather then performing a log roll |
|
|
Term
Differential diagnosis
1. Pulmonary contusion
2. Ruptued diaphragm
3. Tracheobronchial injury
4. Esophageal perforation
5. Fat embolus |
|
Definition
1. low sats despite 02, rales
2. chest/abd pain radiated to left shoulder
3. Hemoptysis, sub-q air, air leak with chest tube, advanced ETT below level of injury into right mainstem
4. fever, hematamesis
5. fever, rash after fracture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Humerus: 750 mL
Femur: 1500 mL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure
Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure
Looks at the left side of the heart, if high can indicate pulmonary congestion, CHF, and cardiogenic shock
PAWP/PCWP: 8-12 mmHg
Do not keep wedged for more than 15 seconds, make sure that balloon is deflated and have patient cough forcefully |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Adult: 3X ETT size or average is 19-23cm
Peds: 10 + age in years
Neonatal: 6 + age weight in kg |
|
|
Term
Ventilator miscellaneous
1. To change CO2
2. To change oxygenation |
|
Definition
1. adjust rate, TV
2. adjust PEEP, PAP |
|
|
Term
Burns
Rules of nines for adult and pediatrics
Parkland Formula
Consensus Formula |
|
Definition
Know your rules of nines for both adult and pediatric patients
Parkland: 4mL x kg x TBSA. 1/2 over 1st 8 hrs, rest over next 16
Consensus: 2-4 mL x kg x TBSA. 1/2 over first 8 hrs, rest over next 16 |
|
|
Term
Safety
1. ELT frequency
2. Confirm ELT working
3. Twin engine required offshore |
|
Definition
1. 121.5
2. Tune it in and listen
3. Raft, vest |
|
|
Term
Drugs
1.Induction agent of choice with bronchospastic patients
2.Ativan: indication dose, max
3. mannitol dose
4. Drug choice for cyclic antidepressant OD
5. Drug choice for beta-blocker OD
6. Fentanyl dose
7. Treatment for malignant hyperthermia
8. Drug for GI bleeds |
|
Definition
1. Ketamine (ketalar)
2. Lorazepam, seizures, 1-2 mg, max 4 mg
3.1-2 g/kg
4. Sodium bicarbonate
5. Glucagon
6. Sublimaze (3ug/kg)
7. dantrium (dantrolene)
8. Sandostatin (octreotide) |
|
|
Term
Neurogenic shock
CVP
Cardiac output
Cardiac index
PAWP/PCWP "wedge"
SVR
Heart rate |
|
Definition
CVP: down
CO: down
CI: down
PCWP: down
SVR: down (distributive shock)
Heart rate can present as normal or slow |
|
|
Term
Arterial line
Sites
Purpose |
|
Definition
Radial, Femoral
Monitor pressure, blood draw,
ABG's
maintain pressure bag at 300 mmHg
Underdampening: caused by having air in the system, loose connection, a low pressure bag, and altitude changes
Overdampening: caused by kinking, increased bag pressure, and tip against the wall |
|
|
Term
ECG
1. Most common reperfusion dysrhythmia
2. Most common hypothermia dysrhythmia
3. Hypokalemia on ECG
4. Hyperkalemia |
|
Definition
1. Reperfusion: AIVR
2. Hypothermia: VF, (osborn wave)
3. Peaked P's, flat T's
4. Flat P's, Peaked T's (treat with calcium) |
|
|
Term
MAP goal with CHI
CPP goal with increased ICP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal ICP
Normal CPP (head)
Normal MAP
Normal for the other CPP (heart) |
|
Definition
ICP: 0-10
CPP: 70-90
MAP: 80-100
Heart CPP: 50-60
"your head is higher
than your heart" |
|
|
Term
GCS
Mild, Moderate, severe |
|
Definition
GCS
Mild: 14-15
Moderate: 9-3
Severe: 3-8 |
|
|
Term
CPP (head) formula
MAP formula
CPP (heart) formula |
|
Definition
CPP: MAP-ICP
MAP: x 2 + systolic/3
Heart CPP: DBP-wedge |
|
|
Term
Rotor-wing minimums ceiling/visibilty
day/local
day/cross-country
night/local
night/cross-country |
|
Definition
day/local: 500 ft (ceiling) and 1 mile (visibility)
day/x-country: 1000 foot Cceiling) and 1 mile (visibility)
Night/local: 500 foot (ceiling) and 2 mile (visibility)
Night/x-country: 1000 ft (ceiling) and 3 mile (visibility) |
|
|
Term
| Number one cause of air medical crashes |
|
Definition
| Controlled flight into terrain, pushing the weather |
|
|
Term
lab values
1. Normal potassium
2. Normal sodium
3. normal chloride
4. normal calcium
5. metabolic acidoses elevates? |
|
Definition
1. 3.5-5.5
2. 135-145
3. 95-105
4. 8.5- 10.5
5. potassium |
|
|
Term
Time of useful conciousness with sudden decompression at:
30,000 ft
41,000 ft |
|
Definition
30,000: 90 seconds
41,000: 15 seconds
least amount of time is your answer on the exam |
|
|
Term
12 lead ECG
Inferior
Septal
Anterior
Lateral
Posterior |
|
Definition
Inferior: II, III, aVf
Septal: V1, V2
Anterior: V3, V4
Lateral: I, aVL, V5, V6,
Posterior: ST segment depression or reciprical changes noted in V1-V4, ST elevation in V6 |
|
|
Term
Cardiac
Ischemia
Injury
Infarct |
|
Definition
Ischemia: ST depression (1mm in 2 leads)
Injury: ST elevation (imm in 2 leads)
Infarct: Q-wave >25% the height of the R wave |
|
|
Term
Pediatric age guidelines
ETT cuffed versus uncuffed
needle cricothyrotomy
Nasal Intubation |
|
Definition
"10, 11, 12" rules
Uncuffed tube under 10
Needle cricothyrotomy only under 11
No nasal intubation under 12 |
|
|
Term
High risk OB
1.Primary cause of PTL
2. terbutaline contraindications
3. PIH triad signs |
|
Definition
1. infection
2. IDDM, maternal HR over 120, vaginal bleeding
3. HTN, edema, proteinuria |
|
|
Term
| O2 adjustments calculation to maintain saturation at altitude |
|
Definition
% oxygen patient is already on X pressure at departure (mmHg)Pressure at altitude
This equals percentage needed in flight
example:
patient on FIO2 of 0.40
Depart: 681 mmHg
altitude: 565 mmHg
Answer: patient needs 48% oxygen |
|
|
Term
Ventilator modes
CMV
AC
IMV/SIMV |
|
Definition
CMV: preset volume or PIP at set rate: patient cant initiate breath
AC: preset volume or PIP with every breath. Can trigger breath, cant control TV
IMV: preset breaths, TV, PIP. patient breaths allowed
SIMV: allows variation of support |
|
|
Term
IABP
1. Action
2. Deflates
3. Dicrotic Notch |
|
Definition
1. Increases cardiac output, coronary artery perfusion
2. During ventricular systole
3. aortic valve closing, synchronizedwith aline or ECG(most common trigger) |
|
|
Term
IABP
1. Action
2. Deflates
3. Dicrotic Notch |
|
Definition
1. Increases cardiac output, coronary artery perfusion
2. During ventricular systole
3. aortic valve closing, synchronizedwith aline or ECG(most common trigger) |
|
|
Term
IABP
1. Signs and symptoms of balloon leak
2. clot prevention
3. IABP increases CO by
4. Balloon rupture
5. Migration/dislodged
6. Lethal IABP timing cycles |
|
Definition
1. blood specs in tubing, alarm
2.cycle manually every 30 minutes
3. 10-20%
4. rusty flakes in line or turn machine off
5. assess left radial pulse ine output
6. late deflation and early inflation |
|
|
Term
Oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve
left curve |
|
Definition
"L" stands for Alkalosis
Left shift = low
Hemaglobin holding oxygen Alkalosis
Low CO2
Low temperature
Loe DPG
Myxdema coma |
|
|
Term
Oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve
Right Shift |
|
Definition
"R" stands for raised
Right= raise/releases oxygen
Acidosis
Raised CO2
Raised temperature Raised DPG
Thyroid storm |
|
|
Term
Phlebostatic axis
where?
what? |
|
Definition
Where pressure measurements are made with an invasive line
Fourth intercostal space, level of atria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ascent
Barondontalgia toothache)
Barosinutis can occur on ascent
Bariobariatrauma (obese) = Nitrogen in the fat cells can expand causing the "bends" administer high flow oxygen for 15 minutes prior to lift-off to remove nitrogen
Descent
Barotitis media (middle ear) can effect the patient during decent |
|
|
Term
Hypertension
mild
moderate
severe |
|
Definition
Mild: 140-159/90-99
MOderate: 160-170/100-109
SEvere: 180/110 |
|
|
Term
Volume for RBC
administration
Volume for WBC |
|
Definition
RBC: 10 mL/kg
WBC: 20 mL/kg |
|
|
Term
ABG rules
1. CO2 and pH
2. Bicarb and pH
3. Bicarb replacement
4. PaO2 at altitude |
|
Definition
1. CO2 up 10= pH down .08
(inverse)
2. HC03 up 10 = pH up 15
(proportional)
3. kg/4 x base deficit = meq of bicarb needed
4. PaO2 drops 5 for every 1000 feet elevation |
|
|
Term
Stages of Hypoxia
Elevation
Signs or symptoms |
|
Definition
Indifferent:(10,000 feet MSL):
increased HR and RR, decreased night vision
Compensatory: (10,000-15,000 feet MSL): HTN, task impairment
Disturance: (15,000-20,000 feet MSL): dizzy, sleepy, cyanosis
Critical: (20,000-30,000 feet MSL): ALOC, incapacitated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
PA Catheter
1. named?
2. Proximal port is for?
3. S/S of bad placement?
4. Procedure for bad placement?
5. Measures?
6. Which port is used?
Pressure bag set to? |
|
Definition
1. Swan-Ganz
2. CVP, medications
3. VT, ventricular ectopy
4. Float forward to PA or pull back to RA
5. Right heart directly, left heart indirectly
6. Distal port
7. 300mmHg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. third spacing
2. fatigue
3. g-forces
4. noise
5. vibration
6. hypoxia
7. dehydration
8. temp changes
9. barometric pressure changes |
|
|
Term
| Personal factors affecting stressors of flight? |
|
Definition
Death
drugs
exhaustion
alcohol
tobacco
hypoglycemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sum total of partial pressures equal to total atmospheric pressures (Daltons gang)
examples:
tissues swelling, altitude hypoxia, hypoxic hypoxia
This is why 02 is needed at altitude |
|
|
Term
Cardiac
Thrombolytics must be administered within? |
|
Definition
| Three hours of onset of chest pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1 ATM for every 33 feet descent
and
Add 1 if asking for a total ATM versus water pressure |
|
|
Term
Hypovolemic shock
CVP
CO
Cardiac index
Wedge
SVR
Heart rate |
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Definition
CVP: down
CO: down
CI: down
PAWP: down
SVR: high
Heart rate: fast |
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Term
| Acute respiratory failure |
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Definition
| pO2, below 60, pCO2 above 50 |
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Term
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Definition
First law: an object in motion tends to stay in motion...
Second law: force= mass x acceleration
Third law: every action has = and opposite reaction |
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Term
| Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) |
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Definition
Remember PROV
P = pulmonary stenosis
R = right ventricular hypertrophy
O = overriding aorta
V = ventricular septal defect |
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Term
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Definition
| During a "tet" spell, blood flow across the right ventricular outflow tract is significantly decreased, resulting in shunting right-to-left through the VSD out of the aorta, thus bypassing the lungs. Causes include: spasms, sudden decrease in systemic vascular resistance secondary to hypovolemia, dehydration, hot weather, or defecation. tet spells are usually seen in the neonatal period, and peak in incidence between two and four months of life. |
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Term
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Definition
"filling pressures"
right atrial pressure (CVP)
Left atrial pressure (PAWP/PCWP) |
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Term
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Definition
ight ventricular pressure obtained upon insertion of PA catheter or if the catheter has been dislodged backward into the right ventricle resulting in a right ventricular waveform
Looks like VT, no dicrotic notch seen on the downslope of the right side of the waveform
left ventricular pressure measured during cardiac catheterization |
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Term
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Definition
Arterial lines
Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)
Dictrotic notch seen n the downslope of the right side of the waveform |
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Term
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Definition
"A" wave = rise in atrial pressure as a result of atrial contraction
"C" wave = not always visible on the tracing, rise in the atrial pressure which closure of the AV valves (tricuspid and mitral) buldge upward into the atriium following valve closure
"V" wave = rise in atrial pressure as it refills during ventricular contraction |
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Term
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Definition
"A" wave generally coincides with the PR interval on the ECG in a right atrial pressure waveform
It will be slightly delayed in a left atrial pressure waveform |
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Term
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Definition
C wave generally coincides with mid to late QRS on the ECG in a right atrial pressure waveform
It will be slightly delayed in a left atrial pressure waveform |
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Term
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Definition
V wave generally seen immediately after the peak of the T wave on the ECG in a right atrial pressure waveform
It will be slightly delayed in a left atrial pressure waveform |
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Term
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Definition
Decline in right atrial pressure during atrial relaxation (remember "X" in relaXation)
Decline in the right atrial pressure resulting from atrial emptying (remember "Y" in emptYing) |
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Term
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Definition
Record pressure measurements at the end of exhalation
in a spontaneously breathing patient, inspiration is the fall in pressure, expiration is the rise in pressure. End-expiration occurs just prior to the respiratory drop in pressure
Positive pressure mechanical ventilated patients will cause vardiac pressure to rise upon inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
The end-diastolic pressure can be eatimated by identifying the "Z" point
A line is drawn from the end of the QRS to the hemodynamic tracing. The point where the line intersects with the waveform is the "Z" point. The "Z" point on the PAWP tracing will be delayed by 0.08-0.12 seconds from the QRS |
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Term
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Definition
| Heart rate x stroke volume = CO |
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Term
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Definition
| closure of the aortic valve |
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Term
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Definition
Maintains the PDA open = prostaglandin (PGEI)
Closed the PDA = indomethacin and long term use of high oxygen delivery
32 weeks or less in gestation = surfactant
Common cause of seizures = hypoglycemia <40 mg/dL and hypoxia
Scaphoid abdomen = diapheretic hernia managed with orogastric tube and PPV |
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Term
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Definition
| CPK (muscle enzyme) levels greater than 20,000 is ominous and is an indication of later DIC, acute renal failure and is potentially dangerous hyperkalemia in the heatstroke patient |
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Term
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Definition
Na - (CI + Bicarb/CO2)= AG
Normal 12 + or - 4
>16 indictes an underlying metabolic acidosis
Remember "MUDPILES"
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Paraldehyde
Isoniazide/Iron
Lactate
Ethylene glycol
Salicylate |
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