Term
What is a seizure and what causes one? |
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Definition
Seizure is a disturbance of electrical activity in the brain that may affect consciousness, motor activity, and sensation? Caused by abnormal or uncontrollable neuronal discharges in the brain |
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Term
What are the different kinds of seizures? |
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Definition
Partial seizures Generalized seizures Clonic-tonic (grand mal Ataxic (drop seizures) |
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Term
Describe the the different kinds of seizures?
Partial seizures Generalized seizures Clonic-tonic (grand mal Ataxic (drop seizures) |
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Definition
Partial seizures- no loss of consciousness, altered motor activity to one site of the body, may have sensory symptoms Generalized seizures- Absence seizure; nonconvulsive with loss of consciousness, slight loss of muscle tone Clonic-tonic (grand mal)- stiffening and relaxing of the body. Loss of consciousness Ataxic (drop seizures)- loss of muscle tone of consciousness |
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Term
What s/s would you expect from a client after a seizure? |
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Definition
urinary incontinence, disorientation, c/o feeling tired, headache sore muscles |
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Term
What are the actions of anticonvulsants? |
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Definition
suppress neuronal activity just enough to prevent abnormal or repetitive firing |
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Term
What are some common anticonvulsants? |
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Definition
Barbiturates (Phenobarbital) Benzodiazepines (Klonopin, Ativan, Valium) Hydantoins and Phenytoin-like drugs (Dilantin, Tegretol, Depakote) Succinimides (Zarotin) |
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Term
What are side effects of anticonvulsants? |
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Definition
Sedation, Lethargy, drowsiness, fatigue, Dizziness, postural hypotension, Nausea, vomiting, wt loss, abdominal pain, Depletion of vitamins; folic acid, Vit D, Vit C, Gingival hypertrophy |
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Term
What are the nursing actions of the side effects of anticonvulsants? |
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Definition
Sedation, Lethargy, drowsiness, fatigue Safety Issues Avoid Alcohol Dizziness, postural hypotension Position changes slowly Safety issues Nausea, vomiting, wt loss, abdominal pain Take medication c food Depletion of vitamins; folic acid, Vit D, Vit C Assess for bleeding of the mucous membranes and unusual bleeding Gingival hypertrophy Frequent oral care including flossing |
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Term
What are additional nursing actions for anticonvulsants? |
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Definition
Seizure precautions Educate not to stop medication abruptly Immediately report changes in mood, mental depression or suicidal urges Monitor liver and renal functions |
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Term
What are interactions for anticonvulsants? |
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Definition
Interactions phenobarb/benzodiszepines with alcohol/CNS depressants Increase metabolism of other drugs with phenobarb Valium and Zarontin increase phenytoin levels (toxicity) Oral contraceptive decrease effectiveness Phenyotoin triggers seizures with tricyclic antidepressants Kava, valerian, chamomile increase effect |
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Term
What are s/s sometimes associated with anxiety? |
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Definition
Insomnia or sleeplessness |
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Term
What are some CNS depressants? |
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Definition
Antidepressants Benzodiazepines Barbiturates |
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Term
What are the actions of hypnotics? |
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Definition
attach to GABA-BZ receptors; GABA is inhibitory and calms te brain; cause sedation, reduce anxiety, skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant effects |
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Term
What are the side effects of hypnotics? |
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Definition
Drowsiness, daytime sedation, amnesia, dizziness NVD Dependence |
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Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of hypnotics? |
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Definition
Drowsiness, daytime sedation, amnesia, dizziness Safety needs Assess dosage and time medication is given in relation to sedation during the day Avoid alcohol with hypnotics NVD Take with food Dependence Assess frequency of requests for Rx Reporting less effects from the drug |
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Term
What are the interactions for hypnotics? |
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Definition
Concurrent use of CNS depressants potentiates sedation effects and increases the risk for respiratory depression Sedation-producing herbs may have an additive effect Stimulant herbs may reduce the effectiveness of the drug |
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Term
What are the actions of anti-parkinsons? |
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Definition
restore the balance of neurotransmitters, dopamine and acetylcholine to the brain |
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Term
What does the loss of dopamine cause with parkinson's disease? |
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Definition
Tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability |
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Term
What are side effects of anti-parkinsons? |
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Definition
Uncontrolled, purposeless movements Loss of appetite, NV Dry mouth Blurred vision Tachycardia Urine retention/constipation |
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Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects for anti-parkinsons? |
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Definition
Uncontrolled, purposeless movements Client safety Assess LOC Do not stop abruptly Loss of appetite, NV Frequent small meals Give with meals Dry mouth Frequent oral care Hard candy of not a safety issue Blurred vision Client safety Tachycardia Monitor VS Urine retention/constipation Monitor I&O Monitor bowel status Increase fiber and fluids |
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Term
What are the interactions for anti-parkinsons? |
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Definition
Levadopa interacts with many drugs that cause decrease effects of the drug (tricyclic antidepressants, haloperidol, anticonvulsants, B6) to hypertensive crisis (MAO) or hypotension (antihypertensives) Kava worsens s/s |
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Term
What are the actions of anti-alzheimer's? |
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Definition
Intensify the effects of acetylcholine at the receptor sides ( acethycholinesterase inhibitor- Aricept, donepezil) Reduce high levels of glutamate (glutamate causes Ca+ to enter and excite neurons causing cell death-Namenda, memantine) |
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Term
What are the side effects of anti-alzheimer's? |
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Definition
Parasympathetic actions; NVD Darkened urine, incontinence CNS effects; insomnia, syncope, depression, irritability, headache, hot flashes, increased libido MS effects, muscle cramps, arthritis, fractures |
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Term
What are the nursing actions of the side effects of anti-alzheimer's? |
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Definition
Parasympathetic actions; NVD Monitor bowel function Provide fluids Take with food Darkened urine, incontinence Monitor urine output Bladder training program CNS effects; insomnia, syncope, depression, irritability, headache, hot flashes, increased libido Monitor LOC 6-months use to identify maximum benefits MS effects, muscle cramps, arthritis, fractures Assess gait Safety issues |
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Term
What are the interactions for anti- alzheimer's? |
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Definition
Cholinergic will have synergistic effects, do not administer 2 parasympathomimetics. Elimination increased with phenobarb, phenytoin, dexamethasone, rifampin |
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Term
What are the actions of skeletal muscle relaxants? What are they used for? |
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Definition
Cause CNS depression effects Used to treat local muscle spasms resulting from injury |
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Term
What are the side effects of skeletal muscle relaxants? |
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Definition
Drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision Dry mouth Rash Tachycardia |
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Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of skeletal muscle relaxants? |
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Definition
Drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision Safety needs Educate to postural changes Dry mouth Offer fluids Hard candy Rash Monitor skin, daily assessment Tachycardia Monitor VS and report elevations of pulse |
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Term
What are the interactions for skeletal muscle relaxants? |
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Definition
Do not use with other CNS depressants as will cause additive sedation Should not use within 2 weeks of a MAO May take up to 2-3 weeks before reach full effects |
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Term
What are the actions of antispasmodics? |
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Definition
Interferes with the release of Ca+ ions in the skeletal muscle (Dantrium, dantrolene) Or Blocks the release of acetylcholine (botulinum toxin) |
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Term
What are the side effects of antispasmodics? |
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Definition
Muscle weakness, headache, dizziness Pain at injection site with botulinum Diarrhea |
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Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of antispasmodics? |
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Definition
Muscle weakness, headache, dizziness Safety issues Adjunct therapy for muscle for muscle spasms Ice or heat, massage, ROM Pain at injection site with botulinum Use of local anesthetic Assess skin at area of skin trauma Diarrhea Monitor bowel status Encourage fluids |
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Term
What are interactions for antispasmodics? |
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Definition
Do not take with CNS depressants, cough preparations and antihistamines Ca+ channel blocker increase risk V-fib |
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Term
What are the actions for CNS stimulants for ADHD? |
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Definition
Causes heightened alertness the area of the brain that is associated with focus and attention Partially achieved by release of norepinephrine, dopamine serotonin |
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Term
What are the side effect of CNS Stimulants for ADHD? |
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Definition
HTN, irregular heart beat Hepatotoxicity Wt loss Drug dependency (Schedule II) |
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Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effect of CNS Stimulants for ADHD? |
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Definition
HTN, irregular heart beat Periodic monitoring of VS Hepatotoxicity Monitor liver function studies Wt loss High-calorie nutritious meals Weigh weekly Drug dependency (Schedule II) Periodic drug-free holidays Assess behavior during these periods Keep medication in a secure location |
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Term
What are the interactions for CNS stimulants for ADHD? |
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Definition
Decreases effectiveness of anticonvulsants and anticoagulants MAO may produce HTN crisis Other CN stimulants could increase vasoconstrictive actions |
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Term
What are the three endocrine hormones that use pharmacotherapy? |
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Definition
Growth Hormone or somatotropin ADH Oxytocin |
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Term
What does the growth hormone (somatotropin) do? |
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Definition
stimulates growth and metabolism in every cell. Deficiency seen in children= dwarfism |
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Term
What does ADH (vasopressin) do in the endocrine systeem? |
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Definition
conserves water in the body= raises B/P |
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Term
What is oxytocin used for? |
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Definition
induce labor; strengthen contractions |
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Term
What are the side effects of the growth hormones in the pituitary? |
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Definition
Edema at injection site Allergic reactions Hypercalciuria |
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Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of the growth hormones in the pituitary? |
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Definition
Edema at injection site Application of ice at site Allergic reactions Assess for skin rash, dyspnea Hypercalciuria Encourage fluids during therapy |
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Term
what are the side effects of the Vasopressin's in the pituitary? |
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Definition
HTN Angina and MI Fluid retent |
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Term
What are nursing actions for the side effects of the Vasopressin's in the pituitary? |
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Definition
HTN Monitor VS especially B/P Assess for headaches, changes in mental status Compliance with lab draws Angina and MI Assess for chest pain Refer to HCP immediately with symptoms Fluid retention Weigh twice weekly and report significant increases or decreases Monitor I&O |
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Term
What are the interactions (primarily with vasopressin's) in the pituitary? |
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Definition
Decrease effects with concurrent use of alcohol, heparin, lithium, andphenytoin Educate to contact HCP before taking any OTC or herbs |
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Term
What are the pharmacotherapy's of the thyroid in the pituitary? |
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Definition
Hypothyroidism- replace the thyroid hormone The thyroid gland controls your BMR, either up or down in function |
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Term
what are the side effects of the of pharmacotherapy's in the thyroid? |
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Definition
Replacement= s/s hyperthyroidism Palpitations, dysrrythmias, anxiety, insomnia, weight loss, heat intolerance Anti-thyroid= s/s hypotension, fatigue, depression, sensitivity to cold, hair loss, dry skin Rash and leucopenia |
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Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of the pharmacotherapy's in the thyroid? |
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Definition
Replacement= s/s hyperthyroidism Palpitations, dysrrythmias, anxiety, insomnia, weight loss, heat intolerance Monitor VS Take medication in the morning before eating Weigh weekly Follow up for blood work Monitor BS with diabetics Educate to compliance of drug Anti-thyroid= s/s hypotension, fatigue, depression, sensitivity to cold, hair loss, dry skin
Rash and leucopenia Monitor VS Take medication in the morning before eating Weigh weekly Follow up for blood work Monitor BS with diabetics Educate to compliance of drug |
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Term
What are the interactions for the pharmacotherapy's in the thyroid? |
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Definition
Levothyroxin Do not take within 4 hrs of other medication or vitamins Bile acid agent decrease absorption Use with warfarin causes potentiation Propythiouracil Reverses the effects of aminophyline, heparin, digoxin Drugs or iodine diminishes effects |
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Term
What do the adrenals do in the endocrine system? |
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Definition
Secrete steroid hormones Gonadocorticoids, androgens, estrogen post menopause Mineralocorticoids, aldostrerone (Na reabsorption and K+ excretion) |
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Term
What will the primary pharmacotherapy be in the adrenal? |
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Definition
Replacement with adrenal insufficiency Decrease inflammatory and immune responses |
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Term
What are the side effects of the primary pharmacotherapy's in the adrenal? |
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Definition
Low doses for replacement or topical/intranasal are rare High doses and prolonged use = Cushing’s s/s Moon face, buffalo hump, obesity with limb wasting CNS effects- insomnia, anxiety, confusion, depression, increased appetite CV- HTN, tachycardia, edema Gastric upset |
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Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of the primary pharmacotherapy's in the adrenal? |
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Definition
Cushing’s s/s- moon face, buffalo hump, obesity with limb wasting Weigh daily Physical activity, weight bearing CNS effectors, insomnia, anxiety, confusion, depression, increased appetite Avoid dosing at HS Educate to mood changes Report changes to HPC CV-HTN, tachycardia, edema Monitor VS Assess for peripheral edema Follow up for lab work (lytes) Gastric upset Take with food Report any tarry stools or abdominal pain Monitor for infection Suppression for immune system Monitor lab work Monitor wound healing Impaired healing Monitor glucose levels Increased gluconeogenesis Report s/s hyperglycemia Adjust insulin doses with diabetics Monitor compliance of the drug Do not stop abruptly, taper |
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Term
What are the interactions for the primary pharmacotherapy's in the adrenal? |
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Definition
Increase metabolism with barbiturates, phenytoin, rifampin Potentiation with estrogens NSAIDS increase gastric distress Increase K+ loss with diuretics Decrease immune response with biologicals |
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Term
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Definition
caused by genetic and environmental factors that impair the cellular utilization of glucose |
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Term
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Definition
is to assist in glucose transport into the cells, without insulin glucose cannot enter the cell; develop increase blood sugar (hopoglycemia) |
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Term
What do the islets of langerhans secrete in the pancreas? |
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Definition
secrete both insulin and glucose |
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Term
How does glucagon work with insulin? |
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Definition
Glucagon antagonist to insulin; when glucose levels are low (hypoglycemia) secrete glucose |
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Term
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Definition
autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, lack insulin secretion |
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Term
What is type II Diabetes? |
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Definition
insulin receptors in the target tissues have become insulin resistant. Produce insulin but at deficient amounts |
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Term
What is the onset, peak, durations for raid-actings insulins and what are some common drugs? |
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Definition
Onset 10-30” Peak 0.5-3 hrs Duration 3-6 hrs Common drugs: NovoLog, Humalog, Apidra |
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Term
What is the onset, peak, durations for short-actings insulins and what are some common drugs? |
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Definition
Onset 30-60” Peak 1-5 hrs Duration 6-10 hrs Common drugs: Insulin Regular |
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Term
What is the onset, peak, durations for intermediate-actings insulins and what are some common drugs? |
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Definition
Onset 1-2 hrs Peak 6-14 Duration 16-24 hrs Common drugs: NPH, Humalin N) |
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Term
What is the onset, peak, durations for long-actings insulins and what are some common drugs? |
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Definition
Onset 1-2 hrs Non PEAK Duration 24 hrs Common drugs: Levemir, Lantus |
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Term
What are the types of oral hypoglycemics? |
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Definition
Sulfonylureas Biguanides Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Thiazolidinediones Meglitinides Newer agents |
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Term
How do sulfonylureas's work? |
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Definition
Sulfonylureas- stimulate pancreatic cells increase insulin sensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
Biguanides- decreases hepatic glucose and reduces insulin resistance |
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Term
How do Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors work? |
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Definition
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors- block enzymes in sm intestine responsible for breaking down complex CHO |
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Term
How do Thiazolidinediones work |
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Definition
Thiazolidinediones- decreases insulin resistance and inhibit hepatic glucose |
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Term
How do Meglitinides work? |
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Definition
Meglitinides- stimulate insulin from islet cells |
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Term
How do Newer Agents work? |
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Definition
Newer agents- incretin-glucose mechanism; incretins (intestines) signal insulin release and liver stop producing glucagon |
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Term
What are the side effects of oral hypoglycemics? |
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Definition
Hypoglycemia NVD, anorexia, flatulence, abdominal distension |
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Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of oral hypoglycemics? |
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Definition
Hypoglycemia Monitor BS Monitor VS Provide meal, do not skip meals Simple sugar at first sign of hypoglycemia NVD, anorexia, flatulence, abdominal distension Take with food Monitor weight weekly Changes in weight leads to med changes Monitor activity level Increase activity= lower BS Monitor for s/s illness or infection May cause increase glucose levels |
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Term
What are the interactions for oral hypoglycemics? |
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Definition
Drops BS with insulin and alcohol, salicylates, MAO, anabolic steroids Increase BS with Corticosteroids, thyroid, epinephrine, furosemide or thiazide diuretics both insulin and orals Garlic, bilberry and ginseng increase hypoglycemia |
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Term
What is an ulcer and what is the primary cause? |
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Definition
An ulcer is an erosion or the mucosa layer of the GI tract, associated with acute inflammation Primary cause H. pulori bacterium |
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Term
What is GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)? |
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Definition
utilizes the same meds as with peptic ulcers |
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Term
What are the actions of ant-ulcers? |
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Definition
relieve symptoms, promote healing, and prevent future occurrence with; HZ receptor antagonists Proton pump inhibitors Antacids Antibiotics |
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Term
How do H2 receptor antagonists work? |
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Definition
block H2 receptors to suppress the volume and acidity of the parietal cells secretions |
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Term
How do Proton pump Inhibitors works? |
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Definition
binds irreversibly to the enzyme H+ K+ ATPase to reduce stomach acid secretion |
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Term
What are the side effects of anti-ulcers? |
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Definition
H2 receptors CNS effects; dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, headache primarily with elderly Rare Hepatotoxicity Vit B12 deficiency Proton Pump Headache Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain Rash |
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Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of anti-ulcers? |
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Definition
CNS effects; dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, headache primarily with elderly Safety issues Rare Hepatotoxicity Iron supplements Monitor CBC for anemia Vit B12 deficiency Monitor liver profile Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain Give 30” before meals Can be given at same time with antacid Probiotics Smoking and alcohol cessation will cause increase aid production Rash Assess skin observe for other s/s allergies |
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Term
What are the interactions for anti-ulcers? |
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Definition
H2antagonists- decrease absorption of cefpodoxime, ketoconazole, itraconazole Smoking decreases effects Proton Pump- increase blood levels of diazepam, phenytoin, CNS depressants and warfarin |
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Term
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Definition
neutralize the stomach acid. Decrease Ph |
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Term
what are the side effects of antacids? |
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Definition
Magnesium and aluminum based products may cause diarrhea Calcium based products may cause constipation |
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Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of antacids? |
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Definition
Monitor bowel status Medications make the stools white, educate Thoroughly chew tablets before swallowing |
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Term
What are the interactions for antacids? |
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Definition
Do not take antacids with other meds due to the binding potential with meds Avoid preparations with sodium for clients on low sodium diet Do not take magnesium products when in kidney failure |
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Term
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Definition
Laxatives promote the evacuation of the bowels |
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Term
What are the side effects of laxatives? |
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Definition
Nausea, abdominal distention, diarrhea |
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Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of laxatives? |
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Definition
Assess bowel patterns Encourage fluids 2-3 L per day if not contraindicated Educate to follow instructions, more does not mean better |
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Term
What are the interactions for antacids? |
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Definition
Bulk forming preparations can decrease absorption of drugs Osmotic preparations can alter electrolytes if overused |
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Term
What are the actions of anti-diarrheals? |
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Definition
return elimination patterns to normal, slow peristalisis Identify cause of diarrhea and treat underlying cause |
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Term
What are the side effects of anti-diarrheals? |
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Definition
Dizziness, drowsiness Development of constipation |
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Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of anti-diarrheals? |
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Definition
Dizziness, drowsiness Safety issues Change position slowly Assess for dehydration as contributing factor Development of constipation Monitor stool patterns Avoid anti-diarrheals with viral infections as slowing the peristalsis keeps the virus in the body longer Discontinue meds once diarrhea or liquid stool stop Fluids BRAT (Bananas, rice, applesauce, tea/toast Electrolyte fluids for replacement |
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Term
What are the interactions for anti-diarrheals? |
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Definition
Additive effects with CNS depressants St Johns Wort decreases Zofran concentration |
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Term
What are the actions of anorexiants? |
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Definition
induce weight loss by suppressing appetite and hunger Short term control of obesity, BMI 30 or greater |
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Term
What are the side effects of anorexiants? |
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Definition
HTN, tachycardia, dysrhythmias Potential for dependence Insomnia Dry mouth |
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Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of anorexiants? |
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Definition
HTN, tachycardia, dysrhythmias Investigate history prior to stating Monitor VS, report sustained increases Potential for dependence Use for 12 months only Lifestyle modifications Insomnia Take in the morning Take prescribed amount Dry mouth Fluids Hard candy |
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Term
What are the interactions for anorexiants? |
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Definition
Cough and cold medications can cause increased HTN Do not use Meridia (sibutramine) with other SSRI |
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Term
What are the actions of pancreatic enzymes? |
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Definition
replaces pancreatic enzymes when the enzymes are absent or deficient |
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Term
What are the side effects of pancreatic enzymes? |
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Definition
rare Nausea, cramping, diarrhea with excess dosage |
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Term
what are the nursing actions for the side effects of pancreatic enzymes? |
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Definition
Take with meals or snacks Do not chew table but may use capsules by opening over applesauce, mashed fruit |
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Term
What are the interactions for pancreatic enzymes? |
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Definition
Antacids may decrease effects Enzymes may decrease absorption of iron |
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Term
What are the actions of hematoligic meds? |
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Definition
growth factors that stimulate blood cell production Red Blood Cells with erythropoietin, epoetin alfa (Epogen) IV or subq White Blood Cells with colony stimulating factors for neurtophils with filgrastim (Neupogen) IV or subq Platelet enhancers with oprelvekin (Neumega) subq |
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Term
What are the hematopoietic agents? |
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Definition
Anti-anemic Blood products |
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Term
What are the side effects of hematoligic meds? |
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Definition
Epogen- HTN, risk for thrombis, headache, fever, nausea, diarrhea, edema Neupogen- bone pain Neumega- NVD, fluid retention, fever, headache, dizziness |
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Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of hematoligic meds? |
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Definition
Begin treatments at least 24 hrs after chemotherapy Monitor VS especially temp and B/P Monitor lab work, CBC Monitor bowel status, assess for NVD Alternative measure for discomforts |
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Term
What are the interactions for hematoligic meds? |
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Definition
Administering within 24 hrs of cemo reduces med effectiveness Enhance blood clotting, need for increase anticoagulant doses Increase loss of K+ with Neumega and diuretics |
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Term
What are anti-anemic meds and what are their actions? |
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Definition
vitamins or minerals given to enhance the production of the oxygen-caring capacity of the blood. RBC/Hgb |
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Term
What are some anti-anemic meds? |
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Definition
Cyanocobalamin (B12) B12 needs intrinsic factor form stomach to the absorbed in the intestine, absent in disease of stomach, removal of stomach Folic acid Deficiency due to insufficient dietary intake Ferrous sulfate Primary cause of iron deficiency blood loss and dietary deficiency |
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Term
What are the side effects of anti-anemics? |
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Definition
Cyanocobalamin- rare, sm % rash and itchy Folic acid- uncommon Iron- GI upset, dark stools, constipation |
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Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of anti-anemics? |
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Definition
Assess injection site for rash or itching Give iron with food to decrease GI upset, with straw if liquid Keep iron preparation out of reach of children Educate to dark stools Encourage increase in fluids and fiver to combat constipation Monitor physical response to supplements Increase energy and less fatigue Improved skin color In children improvement in growth with growth chart |
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Term
What are interactions for anti-anemics? |
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Definition
Iron is absorbed better with orange juice Iron absorption reduced with antacids, proton-pump inhibitors or calcium supplements, also dairy Iron decreases absorption of antibiotics, take at least 1 hr before or after |
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Term
|
Definition
A blood product is any component of the blood which is collected from a donor for use in a blood transfusion Most blood products consist of specific processed components such as red blood cells, while blood cells, blood plasma, platelets, cryoprecipitate, immune globulins |
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Term
What are the side effects of blood products? |
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Definition
Incompatibility- transfusion reaction Allergic reactions |
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Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of blood products? |
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Definition
Meticulously check and document identification of blood component to infuse (two nurses) Give pre-infusion antihistamine Pre0infusion VS and q15” VS during infusion Most infusions given within 2 hrs Monitor output Monitor for s/s reaction Low lack pain Chills Dizziness Flushing, itching or hives Dyspnea Tachycardia |
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Term
What are the interactions for blood products? |
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Definition
Second IV line for all mess Flush main IV with NS prior to infusion Blood warmer for central lines |
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Term
What are the actions of vaccines? |
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Definition
administration of modified, harmless microorganism or toxoid so that an immune response occurs. If future exposure quick reaction and response to produce large amounts of antibodies |
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Term
What are the side effects of vaccines? |
|
Definition
Redness and discomfort at the injection site Fever, malaise, headache Anaphylaxsis |
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Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of vaccines? |
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Definition
Educate to schedule and importance of compliance Reliable contraception with MMR, vericella Redness and discomfort at the injection site Encourage warm pack or soak in the tub Fever, malaise, headache Acetamenipnen prior to injection and the alternate with ibuprofen every 4 hrs for 24 hrs Anaphylaxsis Emergency epinephrine on hand Immediate referral to ER/HCP |
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Term
What are the interactions for vaccines? |
|
Definition
Do not give if client is currently sick, or weakened immune system (immune system is already compromised) Previous known allergy to vaccine or components |
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Term
What are the actions of allergy shots? |
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Definition
help the body build immunity to specific allergens decrease the risk of developing asthma by 50% and reduce the chance of developing new allergens contains a purified form of the allergens that are causing problems The dosage of the allergen in gradually increased over the first 4 to 5 months to a monthly maintenance dose, which is usually given for up to 3 yrs |
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Term
What are the side effects of allergy shots? |
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Definition
Shortness of air, wheezing, anaphylaxis Redness at injection |
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|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of allergy shots? |
|
Definition
Nursing actions Shortness of air, wheezing, anaphylaxis *After giving injection, have the client remain in the waiting room up to 30” or dependent upon policy Epinephrine on hand when administering Redness at injection Monitor Ice or cool pack |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for allergy shots? |
|
Definition
Steroids will decrease the immune response Allergic reaction to serum |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of immunosuppressants? |
|
Definition
dampen or suppress the immune response, suppress T-cell function Primarily utilized with organ transplants to avoid rejection, also use with autoimmune diseases Some of the drugs are very selective in their action and other are non-selective with more side effects |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of immunosuppressants? |
|
Definition
Hirsutism (hair between breasts), gingival hyperplasia, gynecomastia (man boobs) Hyperkalemia, leucopenia Nephrotoxicity Hepatotoxicity |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of immunosuppressants? |
|
Definition
Hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia, gynecomastia See dentist regularly Identify self image issues Wax Hyperkalemia, leucopenia *Monitor CBC and electrolytes Educate to follow up labs Nephrotoxicity Monitor output Monitor renal labs Hepatotoxicity Monitor liver function studies (creatinine) Assess sclera and skin color (jaundice) Educate to importance of lab follow up |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for immunosuppressants? |
|
Definition
Multiple drug interactions with calcineurin inhibitors Increase risk for infection Increase risk with side effects with vaccines and low immune response Do not take Echinacea as this boosts immune system |
|
|
Term
What are 4 types of immunosupressants? |
|
Definition
Antibodies- Humira (adalimumab), remicade (infliximab) Antimetabolite- Imuran (azahioprine), Enbral (eranercept) Calcineurin- Sandimmune (cuclosporine) Glucocorticoids |
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|
Term
What are the actions for immunostimulants? |
|
Definition
boost specific functions of the immune system Use with cancer, chronic viral infections |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of immunostimulants? |
|
Definition
Flu like s/s in 50% of clients. Headache malaise, NV, anorexia Hepatotoxicity Nephrotoxicity |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of immunostimulants? |
|
Definition
Flu like s/s in 50% of clients. Headache malaise, NV, anorexia Palative support care during therapy Hepatotoxicity Monitor liver function studies Educate to importance of lab follow-up Nephrotoxicity Monitor output Monitor renal studies Educate to importance of lab follow-up |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for immunostimulants? |
|
Definition
Bone marrow suppression with antineoplactics Antivirals may increase hematologic toxicity Echinacea may cause additive immune boosting properties |
|
|
Term
What do interferons (interleukins) do? |
|
Definition
Stimulates immune system to remove antigens Suppress the growth of cancer cells |
|
|
Term
What is cancer (carcinoma) characterized by? |
|
Definition
abnormal, uncontrolled cell division Primary site Metastasis Neoplasm |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of antineoplactics? |
|
Definition
kill cancer cells by interfering in their replication ability. Purpose of the drug therapy to cure, palliation or prophylaxsis |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of antineoplactics? |
|
Definition
Antineoplatics attack the fast growing cancer cells and any other cells in the body that replicate quickly Hair Skin of the mucous membranes, mouth and GI tract (sores in mouth and food taste funny meat taste like iron) Bone marrow (low RBC WBC= pale) |
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|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of antineoplactics? |
|
Definition
Alopecia-prepare for hair loss Refer to wigs Open communication discussing body image Stomatitis , GI distress Antiemetics before during treatments (prevent vomiting) Palatable foods (whatever tastes good) Weigh weekly Viscous xylocaine for mouth sore Bone marrow suppression Weekly CBC, monitor results Protect from infection (*If your sick, stay away) Fatigue, educate to balance of work and rest |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for antineoplactics? |
|
Definition
Toxic drugs with multiple drug interactions Always check resource for interactions to prescription, OTC and herbs |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of Antirheumatics? |
|
Definition
Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis is a combination of drugs. Initially analgesics and anti-inflammatory Disease modifying antirheumatic work to decrease the autoimmune response in the body by suppressing formation of the antigens for the immune reaction in the body |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of Antirheumatics? |
|
Definition
GI- anorexia, NV Headache, personality changes |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of Antirheumatics? |
|
Definition
Full Effects of the drug may not be evident for 6 months Compliance with dosing (be patient) GI- anorexia, NV Give with food Headache, personality changes Assess changes and refer for significant changes to HCP |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for Antirheumatics? |
|
Definition
Antacids with aluminum and magnesium will alter absorption Increase digoxin level if concurrent use Increase over toxicity with other hepatotoxic drugs No Alcohol= dizziness and blurred vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gout is a form of acute or chronic arthritis due to an accumulation of uric acid crystals. Primary gout the client cannot metabolize uric acid |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of antigouts? |
|
Definition
block the accumulation of uric acid in the blood |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of antigouts? |
|
Definition
GI upset, NVD Bone marrow toxicity with colchicine |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of antigouts? |
|
Definition
GI upset, NVD Take on an empty stomach Avoid concurrent with NSAIDS Must drink 3-4L of fluids daily Bone marrow toxicity with colchicine Monitor blood values (CBC) |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for antigouts? |
|
Definition
Allopurinol will increase warfarin effects (increased bleeding) Thiazide diuretics less effective with allopurinol -Mycin drugs with cochicine can become toxic Limit foods that become more alkaline (dairy) leading to kidney stones ASA and Vit C can enhance kidney stone formation |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of antiacne agents? |
|
Definition
of OTC and prescription drugs is to decrease the sebum production along with a cleansing program |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of antiacne agents? |
|
Definition
Drying of the mucous membranes, eyes, mouth/lips, nose Elevation of triglycerides Photosensitivity |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of antiacne agents? |
|
Definition
Drying of the mucous membranes, eyes, mouth/lips, nose Eye lubricant drops Hard candy Lip balm Elevation of triglycerides Monitor liver function Monitor lipids Photosensitivity Use of sunscreen Wear long sleeves, hat |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for antiacne agents? |
|
Definition
Teratogen, must use contraception during course of therapy Vit A increases effectors causing toxicity Concurrent with hypoglycemics affects BS control Avoid alcohol as will increase triglycerides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin where the epithelium has an extremely fast turn overrate, formation of silvery plaques |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of psoriasis agents? |
|
Definition
of the agents are to reduce the inflammation, plaques and improve the integrity of the skin with the use of glucocorticoids and immunomodulators |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for psoriasis? |
|
Definition
Support and educate Altered self-image Infection control related to open skin lesions Compliance with meds |
|
|
Term
What are scabies and lice? How are they contracted? |
|
Definition
Scabies and Lice are skin parasites Contracted thru direct contact or a fomite |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of scabicides/perdiculocides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of scabicides/perdiculocides? |
|
Definition
Skin irritation, burning, stinging, itching, swelling Lindane can have systemic effects of dizziness, tremors, convulsions |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of scabicides/perdiculocides? |
|
Definition
RID and NIX apply to dry hair or skin for 10” then wet and lather Skin irritation, burning, stinging, itching, swelling Rinse produce off the skin and report to HCP Lindane is applied to skin 8-12 hrs them washed off. Do not use with children Lindane can have systemic effects of dizziness, tremors, convulsions |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for scabicides/perdiculocides? |
|
Definition
Do not use NIX or RID if allergic to chrysanthemums Do not use RID if allergic to ragweed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a dysfunction of neurotransmitters |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of Antidepressants? |
|
Definition
Block enzymatic breakdown of norepinephrine Slow the reuptake of seratonin |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of Antidepressants? |
|
Definition
Drowsiness, somnolence, sedation, dizziness, fatigue Orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, headache Dry mouth, GI disturbances, constipation, anorexia and increase appetite |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of Antidepressants? |
|
Definition
*Education that antidepressants do not reach full therapeutic effect for 3-4 week Need for psychotherapy in addition to pharmacotherapy Drowsiness, somnolence, sedation, dizziness, fatigue Safety issues Periods of rest with activity Orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, headache Change positions slowly Dry mouth, GI disturbances, constipation, anorexia and increase appetite Take at HS Increase fluids Weigh weekly |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for Antidepressants? |
|
Definition
Tricyclic do not take with other CNS meds SSRI, digoxin and warfarin should be avoided as increase effects No St John’s Wort with antidepressants MAO cannot be given concurrently with other antidepressants. Must have 2-3 weeks between starting or ending another class MAO dietary restrictions- no tyramine= acute HTN |
|
|
Term
What are the types of antidepressants? |
|
Definition
Tricyclic SSRI MAO inhibitor Atypical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin (increase in sympathetic system) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibit the reuptake of serotonin |
|
|
Term
How do MAO inhibitors work? |
|
Definition
decreases the effectiveness of the enzyme monamine oxidase; thus limit the destructions of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin (lots of side effects and reacts with a lot of food et other meds) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and also affects norepinephrine and dopamine |
|
|
Term
What the the actions of mood stabilizers? |
|
Definition
Unsure of action but it alter activity of the neurons containing norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin, Prevent mood swings |
|
|
Term
What drugs are used for mood stabilizers? |
|
Definition
Lithium (Eskalith) traditional treatment Unlabeled use of anticonvulsants has been used |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of mood stabilizers |
|
Definition
Headache, lethargy, fatigue, recent memory loss, muscle weakness NVD, anorexia, abdominal pain, dry mouth |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of mood stabilizers? |
|
Definition
Monitor blood values every 1-3 days initially then every 2-3 months Educate to compliance with med and lab follow-up Monitor mental status Headache, lethargy, fatigue, recent memory loss, muscle weakness Works like a salt increase loss of fluids= toxicity Monitor weight and fluid balance NVD, anorexia, abdominal pain, dry mouth Take with food Monitor electrolytes, renal status |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for mood stabilizers? |
|
Definition
Diuretics and NSAIDs increase concentration, risk for toxicity Phenothiazides may mask early signs of toxicity Alcohol potentiates the drug action |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of major tranquilizers? What are the goals of major tranquilizers? |
|
Definition
Antipsychotic meds compete for the dopamine receptor sites. Theory that there is an overabundance of dopamine at the receptor sites
The goal of the drug to reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia, and psychotic and irrational behaviors |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of major tranquilizers? |
|
Definition
Sedation, dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension Extrapyramidal symptoms |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of major tranquilizers? |
|
Definition
Sedation, dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension Client with schizophrenia do not like the sedated feeling, monitor compliance Safety issues with elderly, half dose Educate to slow postural changes Extrapyramidal symptoms Assess for s/s and report to HCP |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for major tranquilizers? |
|
Definition
Many drug interactions with this group Avoid any CNS depressants With trycyclic antidepressants elevation of B/P Anticonvulsants lower seizure threshold |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of urinary analgesics? |
|
Definition
Relieves urinary burning and pain |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of urinary analgesics? |
|
Definition
GI disturbances, rash, pruritis |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of urinary analgesics |
|
Definition
Give with meals Teach about reddish orange color of urine |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for urinary analgesics? |
|
Definition
Interferes with UA tests related to color reactions Urinary antiseptic & urinary antimicrobial Limited to treatment of UTI, drug action in the renal tubule and bladder dependent upon drug dose may be bacterialstatic or bacterialcidal |
|
|
Term
What are urinary analgesics groups? |
|
Definition
Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin) Methenamine (Mandelamine, Hipex) Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole )Bactrim, Septra) Fluoroquinolones (Cipro) |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of urinary atiseptics/antimicrobials? |
|
Definition
Limited to treatment of UTI, drug action in the renal tubule and bladder dependent upon drug dose may be bacterialstatic or bacterialcidal |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of urinary atiseptics/antimicrobials? |
|
Definition
GI disturbances: NVD Photosensitivity |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of urinary atiseptics/antimicrobials? |
|
Definition
GI disturbances: NVD Give with meals Probiotics during treatment Increase fluids to 3000mL/day Photosensitivity Sunscreen Long sleeve clothing and hat |
|
|
Term
What are some common urinary antiseptic & urinary antimicrobial? |
|
Definition
Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin) Methenamine (Mandelamine, Hipex) Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole )Bactrim, Septra) Fluoroquinolones (Cipro) |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of antispasmotics? |
|
Definition
direct action on the smooth muscle of the bladder, to relax, decrease urinary urgency |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of antispasmotics? |
|
Definition
Dry mouth, intestinal distention, constipation Increased heart rate, dizziness |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of antispasmotics? |
|
Definition
Dry mouth, intestinal distention, constipation Increase fluids Monitor bowel status Increased heart rate, dizziness Monitor VS especially B/P Educate to change position slowly Safety issues |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for antispasmotics? |
|
Definition
Mycins and – conazoles may increase the drug concentrations Meds with anticholinergic effects (antihistamines) may increase the anticholingergic effects Do not give to clients with glaucoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IV solutions that contain electrolytes and other agents that mimic the body’s extracellular fluid These fluids can quickly diffuse across membranes |
|
|
Term
What are the 3 types of fluids? |
|
Definition
Isotonic (NS, LR) Hypotonic (1/2NS) Hypertonic (D5NS) |
|
|
Term
What are the elecrtrolytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Major extracellular electrolyte, regulates body fluids 135-145 mEq/L Water follows sodium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intracellular electrolyte, for transmission and conduction of nerve impulses 3.5-5.3 mEq/L Poorly stored in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Equal intracellular and extracellular, promotes nerve and muscle activity, increases heart contraction, blood clotting 4.5-5.5 mEq/L Need Vit D to absorb calcium |
|
|
Term
When do electrolytes need to be replaced? |
|
Definition
when there is a hypostate Vomiting , diarrhea, renal failure |
|
|
Term
What are the routes for electrolyte admin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of electrolytes? |
|
Definition
GI distress, diarrhea, constipation |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of electrolytes? |
|
Definition
Give with meals Monitor bowel patterns Accurate dosing when given IV Assess IV site to avoid phlebitis and infiltration |
|
|
Term
What are the actions contraceptives? |
|
Definition
to interrupt the menstrual cycle by causing anovulation, ill prepared uterine lining, and alter cervical mucous for sperm penetration |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of contraceptives? |
|
Definition
Nausea, abdominal cramps Edema, breast tenderness, weight gain Fatigue Thromboembolic disorders with smokers or client with HTN |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of contraceptives? |
|
Definition
Encourage to take at the same time everyday, if missed back-up contraceptive method for cycle Nausea, abdominal cramps Take at HS Edema, breast tenderness, weight gain Monitor fluid retention Fatigue Educate as fatigue is related to adjustment of progesterone Thromboembolic disorders with smokers or client with HTN Educate to risks Investigate options to other methods |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for contraceptives? |
|
Definition
Antibiotics decrease effectiveness of birth control. Recommend back up method during cycle of antibiotics BC have a decrease effect on warfarin |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of hormone replacements? |
|
Definition
to replace female reproductive hormone due to surgical or natural menopause. Supplement hormones during periods of infertility and childbearing Post menopause hormone replacement may be utilized for CV protection, osteoporosis protection or symptoms of menopause |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of hormone replacements? |
|
Definition
Breakthrough bleeding, spotting, breast tenderness, weight gain |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of hormone replacements? |
|
Definition
Encourage documenting on a calendar bleeding patterns Medication requires time to regulate Educate that side effects due to increase hormones as with pregnancy Encourage not to smoke Monitor for thrombolytic disease Monitor BS as estrogen may increase levels |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for hormone replacements? |
|
Definition
Hormones decrease the effects of warfarin Contraindicated with women with estrogen sensitive breast cancer |
|
|
Term
What two groups of drugs affect the uterus? |
|
Definition
Oxytocics- action to cause uterine contractions Tocolytics- action to relax and prevent uterine contractions |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of the drugs that management of uterine contractions? |
|
Definition
Management of pre-term or term labor |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects with management of uterine contractions? |
|
Definition
Oxytocics- hyperstimulation of the uterus, NV, uterine rupture Tocolytics- nervousness, tremors tachycardia with palpitations |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects with management of uterine contractions? |
|
Definition
Oxytocics- hyperstimulation of the uterus, NV, uterine rupture Fetal monitoring continuous Nenpharm pain relief measures Tocolytics- nervousness, tremors tachycardia with palpitations Fetal monitoring continuous at initial drug therapy, the intermittent Educate to common side effects Educate to fetal development; uterus is the best incubator |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions with management of uterine contractions? |
|
Definition
Contraindicated in antepartum complications: breech, CPD, placenta previa HTN when used with vasoconstrictors or ephedra |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of androgens? |
|
Definition
Produced in the testicle in men and small amounts form the adrenal in women Prescribed in disorders of hypogonadism to replace or supplement testosterone levels Males who lack testosterone experience erectile dysfunction, low sperm count, decreased libido |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of androgens? |
|
Definition
Increase libido, masculine features, edema, Hypercholesterolemia |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of androgens? |
|
Definition
Rotate site of using injection preparation Apply patch to areas without hair Monitor VS especially B/P Monitor lipid profile |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for androgens? |
|
Definition
Contraindicated for men with diagnosis of prostate or breast cancer Caution in men with renal or hepatic disease Caution in men with renal or hepatic disease |
|
|
Term
What are antiprostatic agents used for? |
|
Definition
for the condition called BPH (Benign Prostate Hyperplasia) the condition develops for men in their 5-6th decade, where the prostate gland enlarges, impeding urinary flow |
|
|
Term
What are the actions for antiprostatic agents? |
|
Definition
alpha-adrenergic blockers is to relax smooth muscles of the prostate bladder neck and urethra (Flomax, Hytrin) Alpha-reductase inhibitors interfere with testosterone metabolism, eliminating the signal for growth of the prostate (Avadart, Proscar) |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects for antiprostatic agents? |
|
Definition
Alpha adrenergic blockers= orthostatic hypotension, headache, dizziness Alpha-reductase inhibitors= sexual dysfunction, decreased libido, decrease ejaculation volume |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects for antiprostatic agents? |
|
Definition
Have men over 50 have PSA done yearly Alpha adrenergic blockers= orthostatic hypotension, headache, dizziness Monitor VS especially B/P and HR Educate to change positions slowly Take med at bedtime Alpha-reductase inhibitors= sexual dysfunction, decreased libido, decrease ejaculation volume Report to HCP side effects Women do not touch drug, teratogen to fetus Semen should be avoided, use a barrier method |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for antiprostatic agents? |
|
Definition
Anticholinergics will decrease effects of (Proscar) finasteride |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of erectile dysfuntion meds? |
|
Definition
enhance of the erection caused by physical contact, relaxing the smooth muscle of the corpus cavenosum= increased blood flow and longer erection (vasodilation) |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of erectile dysfunction meds? |
|
Definition
Headache, flushing, nasal congestion, chest pain Diarrhea, dyspnea, dyspepsia, indigestion UTI |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of erectile dysfunction meds? |
|
Definition
Headache, flushing, nasal congestion, chest pain Reminder the drug causes generalized vasodilation Do not take with nitrates Monitor B/P Diarrhea, dyspnea, dyspepsia, indigestion Do not take with meals, especially high fat meal, as will lower effectiveness UTI Void after coitus |
|
|
Term
What are causes for erectile dysfunction? |
|
Definition
Physiologic changes Psychogenic Side effects of drugs |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of antihistamines? |
|
Definition
block the actions of histamine at the H1 receptor Histamine is released when exposed to an allergen, Causing itching, sneezing, watery eyes |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of antihistamines? |
|
Definition
Drowsiness, anticholinergic effects- dry mucous membranes, urinary hesitancy |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of antihistamines? |
|
Definition
Drowsiness, anticholinergic effects- dry mucous membranes, urinary hesitancy Avoid driving or using heavy machinery Take dosage as prescribed Hard candy Report to HCP urinary/voiding difficulties Avoid smoking or lg amounts of caffeine |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for antihistamines? |
|
Definition
Taking with other drugs of class may increase anticholinergic side effects Do not take with CNS depressants, increased sedation Contraindicated with glaucoma and BPH Stop 4 day prior to allergy test to avoid false-neg results |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of decongestants? |
|
Definition
stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors in the sympathetic system. Constriction of arterioles |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects for decongestants? |
|
Definition
Nasal route= nasal dryness, stinging Oral route= generalized vasoconstriction with elevated B/P and CNS excitement |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects for decongestants? |
|
Definition
Nasal route= nasal dryness, stinging Use only 3-5 days, development of rebound congestion Do not take with antihistamine Oral route= generalized vasoconstriction with elevated B/P and CNS excitement No not take at HS Report to HCP chest pain, numbness or tingling or the face, insomnia, sever headache, confusion |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for decongestants? |
|
Definition
Sympathomimetics use only with HCP direction with HTN, diabetes, heart disease |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of antitussives? |
|
Definition
to relieve cough Work in the cough center to raise the cough threshold |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of antitussives? |
|
Definition
Dizziness, drowsiness and GI upset |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of antitussives? |
|
Definition
Dizziness, drowsiness and GI upset Safety needs Take with food Cough is a protective measure to cleanse lungs, use in moderation If cough persists more than 3 days see HCP Avoid pulmonary irritants |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for antitussives? |
|
Definition
Avoid alcohol, additive effect of CNS depression Additive effects with OTC cold meds, consult HCP |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of expectorants? |
|
Definition
increase mucous secretions reducing the thickness of secretions |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of expectorants? |
|
Definition
Rare expectorant effects: NV |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of expectorants? |
|
Definition
Expectorants- give with water Respiratory assessment prior to and following treatment Assess respiratory status, sputum and report changes Encourage cough, deep breathing |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of mucolytics? |
|
Definition
loosen thick mucous and break it down |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of mucolytics? |
|
Definition
throat irritation, NV, unpleasant odor |
|
|
Term
What are the actions for bronchodialators? |
|
Definition
dilate or open the airways |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of bronchodialators? |
|
Definition
Headache, dizziness, tremors, nervousness, dry mouth, throat irritation |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of bronchodialators? |
|
Definition
Headache, dizziness, tremors, nervousness, dry mouth, throat irritation Educate to prior use of MDI Headache, dizziness, tremors, nervousness, dry mouth, throat irritation Limit use of caffeine Rinse mouth after use Take med as prescribed, report unsatisfactory relief of symptoms Report changes in urinary pattern with elderly |
|
|
Term
What are the interactions for bronchodialators? |
|
Definition
Concurrent use of beta-blockers will inhibit bronchodilation effect Use other anticholinergics will have additive effects |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of inhaled glucocorticoids? |
|
Definition
used for long term prevention of asthma attacks, avoid the use of systemic steroids |
|
|
Term
How do glucocorticoids work? |
|
Definition
decrease the inflammatory response to the bronchioles without major side effects |
|
|
Term
What are the side effects of inhaled glucocorticoids? |
|
Definition
Hoarseness, dry mouth, cough, sore throat Candidiasis of the mouth (thrush) |
|
|
Term
What are the nursing actions for the side effects of inhaled glucocorticoids? |
|
Definition
Hoarseness, dry mouth, cough, sore throat Candidiasis of the mouth (thrush) Rinse mouth after use Use as prescribed, not for use during acute attack Assess for s/s of infection of illness Monitor BS if diabetic, can raise blood sugars |
|
|