Term
| Acute onset of altered sensation or weakness is typically due to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What typically relieves the pain of CTS at night? |
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Definition
| Hanging the hand off the edge of the bed. |
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Term
| What does weight loss, polyuria and polydipsia associated with peripheral neurpathy suggest? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give 5 conditions that can predispose to nerve lesions. |
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Definition
Malignancy
Previous surgery
Trauma
OA or RA
SLE |
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Term
| Give 6 conditions predisposing to CTS. |
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Definition
DM
Hypothyroidism
RA
Pregnancy
Acromegaly
Trauma (E.g.wrist fractures) |
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Term
| Can some chemotherapy agents cause peripheral neuropathy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What neurological issue are cafe-au-lait spots characterisitic of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What imaging would show the osteophytes compressing a nerve root? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two types of imaging can diagnose a Morton neuroma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What studies are routinely used to confirm CTS? |
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Definition
| Nerve Conduction Studies. |
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Term
| What can blood tests be used for in a peripheral neuropathy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does CTS result from? |
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Definition
| Compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel of the wrist. |
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Term
| Describe the anatomy of the carpal tunnel. |
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Definition
| It is formed of the space between the transverse carpal ligament and the carpal bones. |
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Term
| What group of people is CTS particularly common in? |
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Definition
| Middle Aged and Elderly Women. |
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|
Term
| Give 6 conditions predisposing to CTS. |
|
Definition
DM
Hypothyroidism
RA
Pregnancy
Acromegaly
Trauma |
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Term
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Definition
| Pain and/or paraesthesia in the radial 3.5 digits. |
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|
Term
| When are the symptoms of CTS often worse? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where can the symptoms of CTS radiate? |
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Definition
| Proximally, towards the elbow. |
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Term
| What sensory features may be noticed upon examination of CTS? |
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Definition
| Sensory loss in the median nerve distribution. |
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Term
| Which muscles may be weak and wasted in advanced CTS? |
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Definition
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Term
| In CTS, what will be shown in an NCS. |
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Definition
| Reduced nerve conduction velocities across the wrist. |
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Term
| What investigations should be carried out in CTS, other than an NCS? Why? |
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Definition
| Serum glucose and thyroid function tests, to exclude underlying medical conditions. |
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Term
| Give two examination tests for CTS. |
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Definition
| Phalen test and Tinel test. |
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Term
| What is the most successful treatment for CTS? |
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Definition
| Surgical decompression of the carpal tunnel. |
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Term
| What ligament is divided in surgical decompression of the carpal tunnel? |
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Definition
| The transverse carpal ligament. |
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Term
| In less severe cases of CTS, what can be used to help nocturnal pain? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What might be injected to help relieve CTS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is ulnar nerve entrapment? |
|
Definition
| Compression of the ulnar nerve as it passes behind the medial epicondyle or through Guyon's canal in the wrist. |
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Term
| Give three precipitating factors for ulnar nerve entrapment. |
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Definition
Local trauma
Prolonged leaning on the elbow.
Elbow synovitis. |
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Term
| Where do patients with ulnar nerve entrapment develop pain and/or paraesthesia? Where does it radiate to? |
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Definition
| The medial side of the elbow, radiating to the medial forearm and the ulnar nerve distribution of the hand (ulnar 1.5 fingers) |
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Term
| What movement often exacerbates the pain or ulnar nerve entrapment. |
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Definition
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Term
| What might palpation of the ulnar nerve behind the medial epicondyle provoke in ulnar nerve entrapment. |
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Definition
| The symptoms of ulnar nerve entrapment. |
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Term
| What might motor dysfunction in ulnar nerve entrapment result in? |
|
Definition
| atrophy of the hypothenar eminence. |
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|
Term
| In ulnar nerve entrapment, what might you notice about the abduction and adduction of the fingers? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What noticable deformity of the hand can ulnar nerve palsy cause? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the two roles of NCS in ulnar nerve entrapment? |
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Definition
| Confirming the diagnosis and establishing the site of compression. |
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|
Term
| When should surgical decompression of the ulnar nerve be performed? |
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Definition
| If sensory symptoms cannot be tolerated, or if there is muscle weakness or wasting. |
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|
Term
| What is the coloquial term for radial nerve compression at the axilla? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is saturday night palsy? |
|
Definition
| Compression of the radial nerve at the axilla. |
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|
Term
| What fractures may injure the radial nerve? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What happens to the wrist extensors in radial nerve damage? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the consequence of the paralysis of the wrist extensors in radial nerve damage? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to grip strength in radial nerve damage? |
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Definition
| It is dramatically reduced. |
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|
Term
| Why is grip strength dramatically reduced in radial nerve damage? |
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Definition
| Because the finger flexors do not function well with the wrist in a flexed position. |
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|
Term
| What will happen to the triceps in radial nerve damage in the axilla? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Why would sensory loss only affect a small area of skin on the dorsum of the hand between the first and second metacarpals in radial nerve damage? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What fracture may damage the common peroneal nerve and why? |
|
Definition
| Fractures to the neck of fibula, as the common peroneal nerve wraps around the neck of fibula. |
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|
Term
| Other than a fracture, what else might damage the common peroneal nerve? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does common peroneal nerve injury result in? |
|
Definition
| Paralysis of the ankle and foot extensors. |
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|
Term
| What causes foot drop in common peroneal nerve injury? |
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Definition
| Unopposed action of the foot flexors and inverters, causing the foot to be flexed and inverted. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Flexion and inversion of the foot, resulting from unopposed action of the foot flexors and inverters. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| common peroneal nerve injury |
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Term
| In common peroneal nerve injury, where is there a loss of sensation? |
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Definition
| The anterior and lateral sides of the leg, and the dorsum of the foot and toes. |
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|
Term
| How is common peroneal nerve injury managed? |
|
Definition
| Pressure on the nerve is relieved and a splint is applied. |
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Term
| If foot drop does not resolve, what can be used to maintain some degree of dorsiflexion? |
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Definition
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