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born Sophia Augusta Fredericka
father:Christian August,served as general in Prussian army
mother: princess Johanna Elizabeth of Holstein- Gottorp |
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didnt get along with Empress Elizabeth
would study during the night
was an eager reader |
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was intrested in writtings of Plutarch, Tacits, Machiavlli, and Montesquieu
was angry corresponded with Voltaire |
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marched ahead of army that arrested her husband
Peter was killed my her supporters |
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| declared that all subjects should be equal before law; torture should be abolished; capital pnishement should be used only in extreme circumstances; religious dissent should be tolerated |
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rebellion erupted in Ural Mountains & spread popular uprising across wide part of empire
led by Emelyan Pugachev
was able to deploy best troops against peasant rebels
veteran forces crushed rebellion
Pugachev was executed in 1775 |
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began elementary schools in some districts
high schools appeared in major cities
organized college of medicine at University of Moscow
encourage use of vacinne against smallpox
government undertook massive bulding campaign |
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Enlightenment reforms didnt extend beyond society's upper level
appeared highly successful to monarchists
gaining territory & forgin both truly national state & European power
peasants suffered enormously
government often functioned chaotically |
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died in St. Petersburg on November 17, 1796
left behind nation whse exterior appearance hid huge internal problems |
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| "Catherine II." World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 1 Feb. 2010. . |
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| "Catherine the Great." World Book Student. World Book, 2010. Web. 2 Feb. 2010 |
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| born in Stettin, Prussia (now Szczecin, Poland) on May 2, 1729 |
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| She married Peter at age 16,in St. Petersburg,Russia |
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| succeeded Peter to the throne as Catherine II |
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devoted to art, science, and politics
lives simply and proved to be conscientious ruler
maintained axravagant surroundings |
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liked Enlightenment because its great thinkers emphasized use of reason
promoted education of women
teachers, scientists, artists and actors from other countries moved to Russia |
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tightened landowner's control over serfs
forcefully put down peasant revolt |
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extended frontier of Russia
aquired most of Ukraine, Lithuania and Poland through three divisions |
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| conquered Siberian and Central Asian peoples |
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| successful wars on Ottoman Empire gained Crimea & lands along Black Sea for Russia |
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acquered new collection of art
wrote plays |
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married her son twice to get grandsons
only let them raise girls |
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had England's economical support
had three kids, Paul, Anna & Alexsei |
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| dreamed of continuing Peter the Great's works |
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confered from Lutheran faith to Russian othodox interloper into russian affairs
didnt like her husband ( they were very different in personality)
Peter liked Prussia but Catherine didnt
recited creed of Orthodox Church
took new name Vatherine Alexeyevna |
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| learned excellent manners, though she thought her mother made her hide her true identity |
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| at young age, she asked lutheran pastor about infinite goodness of god; truth of scriptures; & Last Judgement |
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had lovers like Serge Saltuikov, Stanislav Poniatowski & Alexander Vasilchikov, etc.
Peter also had mistresses |
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| she hated the idea execution of king ad queen of France, she was enemies with France because of that |
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| Whitelaw, Nancy. Catherine the Great and the Enlightenment in Russia. North Carolina: Morgan Reynolds Publishing Inc.2005 |
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