Term
True or False
Inflammation does not occur in areas of necrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is inflammation a localized or systemic response? |
|
Definition
local (primarily)
systemic effects are not good! |
|
|
Term
| Chronic inflammation stimulates... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cardinal signs of inflammation |
|
Definition
redness
heat
swelling
pain
firmness
loss of function |
|
|
Term
| What are immune-mediated diseases? |
|
Definition
| diseases caused by the acquired immune response |
|
|
Term
| Tissue damage releases ______ while infection releases ______ |
|
Definition
DAMPS = tissue damage
PAMPS = inflammation |
|
|
Term
| LPS, lipoteichoic acid and viral nucleic acid are all... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HMGB1, ATP, uric acid are all.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Immune-mediated disease is more common in (male/female) dogs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a Type I hypersensitivity? What is the process? |
|
Definition
immediate hypersensitivity (allergic reaction)
Th2 cells encourage B cells to produce IgE, IgE binds to surface of mast cells. antigens cross link with IgE, trigger degranulation of mast cells & histamine release -> allergic reaction |
|
|
Term
| What is a Type II hypersensitivity? |
|
Definition
| antibody for cell-surface antigens activates complement cascade to lyse target cell |
|
|
Term
| What is a Type III hypersensitivity? |
|
Definition
| when antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in endothelial wlls, glomeruli walls, etc. leading to inflammatory reaction |
|
|
Term
| What is a Type IV hypersensitivity? |
|
Definition
delayed type hyperensitivity (24-72hr post-exposure)
cell-mediated immune response characterized by Th1 lymphocutes & macrophages
-impairs organ function or causes tissue injury |
|
|
Term
True or False
Eocosanoids (leukotrienes & prostaglandins) are stored in mast cells and released when antigens cross--link with IgE |
|
Definition
false
they are synthesized at the site of inflammation |
|
|
Term
| What do bradykiin, histamine, C3a and C5a all have in common? |
|
Definition
| they all promote increased vascular permeability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
increase vascular permeability
simulate nerve endings (causes pain) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vasodilation
kills bacterial pathogens |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between fibrin and fibrinous exudate? |
|
Definition
| fibrin is loosely adherent, whereas fibrinous exudate is firmly adherent |
|
|
Term
| What would the presence of fibrous tissue tell you about the inflammatory process? |
|
Definition
| this is a chronic process at least 7-10 days old |
|
|
Term
| Endothelial contraction vs endothelial retraction |
|
Definition
contraction - gaps forming between endotheial cells (quicker, short-term effect)
retraction - rearrangement of endothelial cytoskeleton (slower, longer lasting effect) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency to form IgE antibodies when exposed to an allergen |
|
|
Term
| IFN-gamma and IL-12 from macrophages will trigger CD4 (T helper) cells to differentiate into ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IL-4 and IL-13 from mast cells will trigger CD4 cells to differentiate into... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CD4 -> Th1 is promoted by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CD4 -> Th2 is promoted by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two phases of allergic disease? |
|
Definition
Sensitization - IgE binds to mast cells in tisues, specific to an allergen
Elicitation - exposure triggers mast cell degranulation & clinical disease |
|
|
Term
| What is immunoglobulin class switching? |
|
Definition
| promoted by Th2 lymphocytes, B lymphocytes produce IgE instead of other antibodies |
|
|
Term
| A small molecule that indirectly causes an allergic reaction by binding to host proteins, causing them to appear 'foreign' |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which common inflammatory mediator is not important in cattle? What is present instead? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a late-phase reaction? |
|
Definition
| synthesis of other mediators (C4 and D4, PAF) 2-8 hours after allergen exposure, causing vasaodilation, bronchoconstriction etc. |
|
|
Term
| The late phase of allergic reaction is dominated by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anaphylaxis in ruminants , horses and cats typically targets the.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anaphylaxis in dogs typically targets the.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| major clinical sign of allergic dermatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
