Term
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Definition
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Term
| Found in what terms to equator |
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Definition
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Term
| Demylenation in MS occurs where |
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Definition
| Periventricular areas= Dawsons fingers |
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Term
| VLA-4 and VCAM function in MS |
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Definition
| Helps entry of immune cells from vascular into the brain |
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Term
| TH1 and TH17 lymphocytes in MS |
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Definition
| induce inflammation in acute MS leading to demylenation and axon damage |
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Term
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Definition
| Produce immunoglobulins and facilitate complement injury--- also are the reasons you see Oligoclonal bands in CSF |
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Term
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Definition
| Anti-inflammatory and induce clinical remission |
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Term
| Best test for MS diagnosis |
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Definition
| MRI- shows contrast between normal myelin and MS lesions |
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Term
| Lesions of MS best seens on which type of MRI |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Less lesions but show the axon damage that reveals greater severity of disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Shows BBB breach and will increase Gadolinium staining |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased IgG proteins and oligoclonal IgG bands on electrophoresis |
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Term
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Definition
| Manage acute symptoms and reduce severity and frequency of disease |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| DMT Treatments for Relapse Remitting |
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Definition
| Interferon B-1b, Interferon B-1a, GF, Natalizumab, and mitoxantrone |
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Term
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Definition
+: increase T2 activity, downreg antigen presentation, reduce cytokines, decrease lymphocyte trafficking
-: injecting site irratation, flulike feeling, headahce |
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Term
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Definition
+: stymulates myelin basic protein and blocks binding with MHC--> shift from T1 to T2 state
-: flushing and dyspnea |
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Term
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Definition
Binds to alpha4 on leukocytes and blocks adhesion molecules so they cant cross BBB
-: can lead to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopath |
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Term
| Mixoxantrone (Novantrone) |
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Definition
chemo agenty to treat agressive relapsing and secondary progressive symptoms
Risk of leukemia from treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammatory disease of spinal cord and optic nerve, more severe than MS and MRI shows longitudinal extension of cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to aquaporin-4, water transporter in CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| Initial treatment with methylprednisone and if fails plasmapheresis has been shown to be helpful |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of optic nerve that may or may not be associated with MS or NMO
Vision loss (monocular) color loss, painful eye movements |
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Term
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Definition
| IV Methylpredinose for 3 days, should also do galolinium test to assess risk for MS development |
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Term
| Acute Transverse Myelitis |
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Definition
| inflammation of the spinal cord, presenting with sensory motor and or autonmic dysfunction |
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Term
| MRI in Acute Transverse Myelitis |
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Definition
| abnormal signs CSF pleocytosis, increased IgG index. |
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Term
| Tx of acute transverse myelitis |
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Definition
Methlyprednisolone for 5 days
If chronic- immunosupression |
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Term
| Acute Disseminated Encephalomyeliis |
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Definition
| monophasic demyelination disorder that primarily affects the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| When does ADEM present most often |
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Definition
2-6 weeks after Vaccination or infection
Fever, headache, myalgias and malaise leading to rapid detereoration of mental signs, weakness, ataxia, CN palsy, visual loss, seizures |
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Term
| Why does ADEM get confused with MS |
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Definition
| Multiple asymmetrical white lesions with gadolinium enhancement, oligoclonal bands may be present, can be relapse remitting presentation |
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Term
| Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis |
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Definition
| rare and variant of ADEM triggered by acute upper respiratory infection and is often fatal |
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