Term
| Common Causes of Palpitations |
|
Definition
Cardiac: Arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, etc.
Psychiatric: Anxiety or panic attacks.
Medications: Caffeine, theophylline, and beta agonists.
Substances: Tobacco, alcohol, and cocaine.
Hormonal: Hyperthyroid, pheochromocytoma, and hypoglycemia.
Hematologic: Anemia (bc of inc cardiac output), and hypovolemia.
Infectious: Febrile illness.
Other: dehydration, aortic stenosis |
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of hyperthyroidism |
|
Definition
Graves Disease; autoimmune. antibody stimulates TSH receptor.
Clinical features: Exopthalmus, eyelid retraction, Thyroid bruit, pretibial myxedema |
|
|
Term
| Causes of hyperthyroidism |
|
Definition
Graves disease, toxic nodular goiter (more common in >40years), hashimoto Thyroidits (hormone leaks from an inflamed thyroid), iodine deficiency (n. africa and pakistan), thyroid cancer, pregnancy
excessive iodine (diet or amiodorone)--> thyroiditis (hypo). |
|
|
Term
| Clinical findings in hyperthyroidism (Young patient) |
|
Definition
[high catabolism, and inc sens to catecolamines]
Tachycardia, fatigue, weight loss, heat intolerence, tremor, inc. sweating, depression, hyper reflexia, diarrhea, light periods |
|
|
Term
| Clinical findings of hyperthyroidism (Old patient) |
|
Definition
Tachycardia, fatigue, Weight loss, AFib
Many typical symptoms are absent |
|
|
Term
| Clinical findings in hypothyroidism |
|
Definition
| Weight gain, cold intolerance, pedal edema, heavy periods |
|
|
Term
| Differentiating anxiety vs Hyperthyroidism |
|
Definition
| Anxiety (v hyperthyroid): skin is cold and clammy (vs warm and moist), weight loss from anorexia (not inc appetite) |
|
|
Term
| Studies to obtain in hyperthydoidism |
|
Definition
-TSH: (inc=hypo, dec=hyper)
-High T4 and TSH inapp normal= TSH producing pituitary adenoma
-TSH decreased and T4 decreased: central hypothyroidism
-CBC: rule out anemia
-ECG: Rule out cardiac pathology
-Radioactive Iodine Updake |
|
|
Term
| Interpretation of Radioactive Iodine Uptake |
|
Definition
High (>30%): Graves (diffuse), multi nodular goiter (nodular pattern)< toxic solitary nodule (nodular pattern), TRH secreting pit tumor, HCG secreting tumor
Low: Subacute thyroiditis, silent thyroiditis, iodine induced thyroiditis, exogenous thyroxine, struma ovarii, amiodarone |
|
|
Term
| Management of Hyperthyoidism? of graves disease? Hypothyroidism? |
|
Definition
1) Propanolol, for symp. releif
2) For Graves: Opthamology referral, Medications that block thyroid production, Radioactive iodine ablation (Obtain pregnancy test first),
3) Hypothyroid: Levothyroxine |
|
|
