Term
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Definition
| the severe erosion of the articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) in weight bearing joints |
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Term
| what are the repair abilities of articular cartilage like? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does cartilage consist of? |
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Definition
| chondrocytes and extracellular matrix; it is an avascular tissue |
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Term
| what type of collagen is in the extracellular matrix of cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 3 types of cartilage? |
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Definition
| hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage |
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Term
| what is the most abundant cartilage type? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is hyaline cartilage located? |
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Definition
| articular ends of bones, respiratory tract, ventral ends of ribs, endochondral ossification |
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Term
| what type of collagen makes up the predominate component of fibrils in the matrix of cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the majority of the water in hyaline cartilage bound to? |
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Definition
| the aggrecan-hyaluronan aggregates, which imparts resilience |
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Term
| describe the outer layer of the perichondrium |
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Definition
| contains fibroblasts which have attenuated nuclei as compared to the formative chondrocytes of the inner perichondrium |
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Term
| is the perichondrium eosinophillic or basophillic? |
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Definition
| eosinophillic because of type 1 collagen |
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Term
| what are the 3 groups that describe the matrix of cartilage? |
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Definition
| capsular, territorial, interterritorial |
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Term
| what type of growth can lead to the development of isogenous groups of chondrocytes? |
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Definition
| interstitial growth/mitotic division of a single chondrocyte |
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Term
| what are the two modes of hyaline cartilage growth? |
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Definition
| appositional and interstitial growth |
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Term
| describe appositional growth of hyaline cartilage |
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Definition
| differentiation of chondroblasts from the perichondrium (addition of new layers of cartilage upon older layers) |
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Term
| describe interstitial growth of hyaline cartilage |
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Definition
| mitosis of chondrocytes within cartilage (expansion of cartilage from within) |
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Term
| by what method does hyaline cartilage degenerate? |
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Definition
| chondrocytes hypertrophy and die, the matrix calcifies; increases with aging |
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Term
| does articular cartilage have a perichondrium? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of cartilage makes up the epiphyseal plate? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe an H&E stain of a chondrocyte? |
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Definition
| nucleus is eccentrically located, cytoplasm deeply stained except clear area represents golgi apparatus, ECM is basophillic |
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Term
| where is elastic cartilage located? |
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Definition
| the external ear, epiglottis, and the larynx |
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Term
| describe the appearance of elastic cartilage |
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Definition
| similar to hyaline cartilage in H&E stains, requires an elastic stain (orcein or resorcein-fuchsin) to more easily differentiate elastic cartilage from hyaline; contains chondrocytes in lacunae |
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Term
| describe the ECM of elastic fibers |
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Definition
| abundant elastic fibers in addition to type II collagen fibrils |
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Term
| does elastic cartilage have a perichondrium? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is fibrocartilage located? |
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Definition
| intervertebral discs, symphsis pubis, meniscus of knee, insertion of tendons and ligaments |
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Term
| describe the appearance of fibrocartilage |
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Definition
| contains chondrocytes in lacunae often arranged in long rows between collagen bundles |
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Term
| what type of collagen does the ECM contain in fibrocartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| does fibrocartilage have a perichondrium? |
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Definition
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Term
| what proportion of collagen type I and II does the intervertebral disc contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| how much type II collagen does the meniscus of the knee contain? (small or large amounts) |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the effect of cortisone/hydrocortisone on hyaline cartilage? |
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Definition
| inhibits cartilage growth and matrix production |
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Term
| what is the effect of Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency) on hyaline cartilage? |
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Definition
| without vitamin C, matrix production stops, this distorts cartilage columns in epiphyseal plates; vitamin C is an enzyme cofactor required for collagen synthesis |
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