Term
| What is a child's understanding of health and illness primarily based on? |
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Definition
1. Cognitive ability at different developmental stages
2. Previous experience with healthcare professionals |
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Term
| At what age does a child realize they are separate beings? |
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Definition
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Term
| What may a child feel if they are not with their parents? |
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Definition
1. Anxious with strangers
2. Separation anxiety |
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Term
| At what developmental stage does a child identify primary caregivers vs strangers? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what developmental stage can a child sense a parent's anxiety? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should a nurse tell a parent who is about to leave their infant alone in a hospital? |
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Definition
| Encourage the parents to stay because staying in a hospital alone may be traumatic |
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Term
| What are developmental issues for a hospitalized infant? |
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Definition
1. Separation anxiety
2. Stranger anxiety
3. Painful, invasive procedures
4. Immobilization
5. Sleep deprivation
6. Sensory overload |
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Term
| What are some responses infants make to illness? |
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Definition
1. Sleep-wake cycle disrupted
2. Feeding routines disrupted
3. Displays excessive irritability |
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Term
| How do toddlers and preschoolers perceive illness? |
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Definition
| They understand illness but not its cause |
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Term
| What type of thinking do toddlers and preschoolers have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do toddlers and preschoolers know about their body? |
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Definition
| They know some names and locations of body parts, usually only parts they can see |
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Term
| What is a major stressor for toddlers and preschoolers that are hospitalized? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do toddlers and preschoolers fear when hospitalized? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two ways to deter fear of bodily mutilation in toddlers and preschoolers? |
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Definition
1. Demonstrate procedure on a doll
2. Give the child band aids |
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Term
| What are developmental issues for toddlers? |
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Definition
1. Separation anxiety
2. Loss of self-control
3. Immobilization
4. Painful, invasive procedures
5. Fear of the dark |
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Term
| How may a toddler respond to illness? |
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Definition
1. Frightened if forced to lie supine
2. Associates pain with punishment
3. Wonders why parents don't come to the rescue |
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Term
| What are preschooler developmental issues? |
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Definition
1. Separation anxiety- fear of abandonment
2. Loss of self control
3. Bodily injury or mutilation
4. Painful, invasive procedures
5. Fear of ghosts, monsters and the dark - rich fantasy world |
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Term
| How may a preschooler respond to illness? |
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Definition
1. Difficulty in separating reality from fantasy
2. Fears ghosts, monsters
3. fear body parts will leak out when skin is not intact- use bandaids
4. Fears tubes are permanent
5. Demonstrates withdrawl, aggression, regression |
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Term
| What developmental level begins to have a more realistic understanding of illness? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a school age child understand about the body? |
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Definition
| They start to understand parts such as the heart, lungs, and bones |
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Term
| How do school age children feel about separation from their parents? |
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Definition
| They know their parents will return |
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Term
| What are fears of a school age child? |
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Definition
| Pain, stitches, disfigurment |
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Term
| What are developmental issues for school age children? |
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Definition
1. Loss of control
2. Loss of privacy & control over bodily functions
3. Bodily injury
4. Painful, invasive procedures
5. Fear of death |
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Term
| What are 2 responses common from school age children? |
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Definition
1. Increased sensitivity to environment
2. Detailed hx of events |
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Term
| At what developmental level does a child have a good understanding of illness and body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What may an adolescent worry about themselves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a good way to help promote establishing self identity for an adolescent patient? |
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Definition
| Allow choices and control when possible |
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Term
| What are major stressors in a hospital for an adolescent patient? |
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Definition
| Separation from peers, home and school |
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Term
| What are developmental issues for an adolescent? |
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Definition
1. Loss of control
2. Fear of altered body image, disfigurement, disability, or death
3. Separation from peer group
4. Loss of privacy and identity |
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Term
| What are some expected adolescent responses to hospitalization? |
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Definition
1. Denial
2. Regression
3. Withdrawl
4. Intellectualization
5. Projection
6. Displacement |
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Term
| How does hospitalization effect a family? |
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Definition
1. Disrupts usual routines
2. There may be increased fear and anxiety |
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Term
| What are two examples of disruptions in usual routines that effect a family with a hospitalized child? |
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Definition
1. Changes in who is at home with siblings
2. Changes in who is working |
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Term
| What are two things that may cause anxiety or fear for a family with hospitalized child? |
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Definition
1. Severity of illness
2. Watching the child suffer from pain |
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Term
| What are several considerations a nurse should make when assessing the family of a hospitalized child? |
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Definition
1. The financial resources including the cost of travel and taking time off work
2. Access to healthcare
3. Availability of community services
4. Cultural considerations |
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Term
| What should a nurse look for when assessing family communication for a hospitalized child? |
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Definition
1. Family dynamics (disciplining children)
2. Quality of communication
3. Methods of handling problems
4. Sources of strength |
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Term
| What should a nurse look for when assessing family support for a hospitalized child? |
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Definition
1. Prior methods of coping and whether they were effective
2. Support groups
3. Referral to outside agencies |
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Term
| What are some effects on siblings for a hospitalized child? |
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Definition
1. Less attention from parents
2. May fantasize about illness or injury
3. Guilt, insecurity, anxiety, jealousy
4. Behavioral or school problems |
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Term
| What are some methods to promote adaptation for a hospitalized child? |
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Definition
1. Child life programs
2. Rooming in
3. Therapeutic play
4. Therapeutic recreation |
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Term
| What are 4 aspects of child life programs? |
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Definition
1. Age-appropriate play
2. Preparation for procedures
3. Focus on emotional needs of a child
4. Support family in providing child's care |
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Term
| What are 3 considerations for rooming in? |
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Definition
1. Parent stays in the child's room and helps provide care
2. Accommodations vary (cots, day beds, etc.)
3. Collaboration between nurse and parent is important |
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Term
| What is the "work of childhood?" |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the purposes of play for a hospitalized child? |
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Definition
1. Facilitates normal development
2. Helps the child learn about healthcare, express anxieties & work through feelings
3. Achieve control |
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Term
| What does therapeutic play do for a child? |
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Definition
| Helps assess knowledge of illness & injury |
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Term
| What type of play is used when a child draws a body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of play is used when a child makes up a story? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of play is used when a child uses dramatic play? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is therapeutic play for toddlers important & what are examples of therapeutic play for toddlers? |
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Definition
Helps release tension
1. Playing peek-a-boo, hide n seek
2. Read books & stories
3. Dolls
4. Building blocks
5. Safe hospital equipment (stethoscope, syringes without needles) |
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Term
| What are examples of therapeutic play for preschoolers? |
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Definition
1. Outline of the body
2. Playing with safe hospital equipment
3. Crayons & coloring
4. Puppets, play dough
5. Pet therapy |
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Term
| Why is therapeutic play for school-age children important and what are examples? |
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Definition
Child may regress with hospitalization
1. Collecting objects
2. Games, books, schoolwork, crafts, computers |
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Term
| What are important things to remember about adolescents needs? |
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Definition
1. Therapeutic recreation
2. Focus on peers
3. Telephone contact |
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Term
| What are examples of play for adolescents? |
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Definition
1. Pizza parties
2. Video games
3. Movie |
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Term
| What can a nurse do to assist Children and Families of a hospitalized child? |
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Definition
1. Tailor family's need & preferences (primary care nurse)
2. Honest & open communication (allow parents to vent and give breaks)
3. View parent as expert about child
4. Respect cultural practices |
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Term
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Definition
| Performed with psychologist |
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Term
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Definition
1. Base interventions around child's pain
2. Assess family for strengths & challenges
3. Collaborate with child life
4. Encourage rooming in
5. Therapeutic play
6. Meet educational needs of school-age kids
7. Preparation for procedures
8. Consider parent the expert about the child |
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