Term
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Definition
metrology of fallout, transposition of great vessels, truncus arterioles, tricuspid atresia, total anomalous pulmonary venous return |
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Term
persistent truncs arteriosus |
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Definition
failure of truncus arterioles to divide into pulmonary trunk and aorta |
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Term
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Definition
abscense of tricuspid valve and hypopalstic R ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
pulmonary veins drain into R heart |
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Term
3 causes of L -> R shunts |
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Definition
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Term
most common congenital cardiac anomaly |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
uncorrected L->R shunt cuases compensatory pulmonary vascular hypertrophy which results in progressive pulmonary HTN leading to late cyanosis |
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Term
components of metrology of fallot |
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Definition
pulmonary stenosis, RVH, overriding aorta, VSD |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
cause of metrology of fallot |
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Definition
anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum |
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Term
transposition of great vessels |
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Definition
aorta leaves RV and pulmonary trunk leaves LV |
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Term
infantile coarctation of aorta |
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Definition
stenosis proximal to ductus arteriosus; w/ Turner syndrome |
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Term
adult type coarctation of aorta |
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Definition
stenosis distal to ligamentum arteriosum; notchin of ribs, HTN in UE, weak pulses in lower extremities; can cause aortic regurg |
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Term
a/w bicuspid aortic valve |
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Definition
adult type coarctation of aorta |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
RVH and failure; late cyanosis in lower extremities |
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Term
cardiac defect with 22q11 |
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Definition
truncus arteriosus, metrology of fallot |
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Term
cardiac defects with Down syndrome |
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Definition
endocardial cushion defect (ASD, VSD, AV septal defect) |
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Term
cardiac defects with congenital rubella |
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Definition
sepatl defects, PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis |
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Term
cardiac defects with turner syndrome |
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Definition
coarctation of aorta (pre ductal) |
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Term
cardiac defects with Marfan syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
cardiac defects with diabetic mother |
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Definition
transposition of great vessels |
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Term
most common cause of R CHF |
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Definition
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Term
drugs that reduce mortality of CHF |
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Definition
ACEI, Beta blockers, ARB, and spironolactone |
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Term
CHF drugs for symptomatic releif |
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Definition
thiazide, loops, nitrates, digoxin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
failure of Q to inc during exercise |
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Term
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Definition
pulmonary edema, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea |
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Term
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Definition
inc pulm venous pressure -> venous distention and transudation of fluid |
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Term
hemosiderin-lade macrophages |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
hepatomegaly, ankle, scrotal edema, JVD |
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Term
cause of hepatomegaly in CHF |
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Definition
inc central venous pressure -> inc R to portal flow |
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Term
cause of ankle edema in CHF |
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Definition
inc venous pressure -> fluid transudation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
inc age, obesity, DM, smoking, genetics, black > white > asian |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
essential HTN is related to |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
atherosclerosis, LVH, stroke, CHF, renal failure, retinopathy and aortic dissection |
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Term
monckeberg ateriosclerosis |
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Definition
media calcification, radial or ulnar; "pipestem" arteries, does not obstruct blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
hyaline thickening of small arteries in essential HTN or DM; onion skinning in malignant HTN |
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Term
type of vessels in atherosclerosis |
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Definition
elastic and large and medium muscular arteries |
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Term
atherosclerosis risk factors |
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Definition
smoking, HTN, DM, hyperlipidemi (inc LDL, dec HDL), FH |
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Term
progression of atherosclerosis |
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Definition
endothelia dysfxn -> macrophage and LDL accumulation -> foam cell -> fatty streaks -> smooth mm cell migration -> fibrous plaque -> complete atheroma |
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Term
cause of smooth mm migration in atherosclerosis |
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Definition
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Term
complications of atherosclerosis |
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Definition
aneurysm, ischemia, infarcts, PVD, thrombus, emboli |
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Term
locations of atherosclerosis |
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Definition
abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid |
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Term
symptoms of atherosclerosis |
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Definition
angina, claudication; can be asymptomaic |
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Term
population with abdominal aortic aneurysm |
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Definition
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Term
thoracic vs abdominal aortic aneurysm associations |
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Definition
abdominal = atherosclerosis thoracic = HTN, cystic medial necrosis (Marfans) |
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Term
associationso f aortic dissection |
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Definition
HTN, cystic medial necrosis (Marfans) |
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Term
tearing chest pain radiating to back |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
stanford A vs B of aortic dissection |
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Definition
A = ascending aorta; surgically managed B = descending aorta; medically managed (beta blocker) |
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Term
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Definition
ST depression; relieved with rest |
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Term
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Definition
2/2 coronary artery spasm; ST elevation |
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Term
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Definition
ST depression; CP at rest or with minimal exertion |
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Term
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Definition
vasodilator may aggregate ischemia by shunting blood from area of critical stenosis to area of higher perfusion |
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Term
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Definition
within 1 hr of symptoms; lethal arrhythmia |
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Term
chronic ischemic heart disease |
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Definition
progressive onset of CHF over many years 2/2 chronic ischemic myocardial damage |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
dark mottling; ale with tetrazolium stain |
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Term
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Definition
hyperemic border; central yellow-brown softening; maximally yellow and soft by 10 days |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
MI light microscope: 0-4 hrs |
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Definition
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Term
MI light microscope: 4-12 hrs |
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Definition
early coat necrosis, edema, hemorrhage, wavy fibers |
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Term
MI light microscope: 12-24 |
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Definition
contraction bands, release of necrotic cel content, Nt emigration |
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Term
MI light microscope: 2-4 days |
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Definition
extensive coag nec; tissue surrounding infarct shows acute inflame; nt emigration |
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Term
MI light microscope: 5-10 days |
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Definition
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Term
MI light microscope: 7 wks |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
free wall rupture, tamponade, papillary mm rupture, inter ventricular septal rupture |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
rises after 4 hrs and elevated for 7-10 days |
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Term
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Definition
useful for diagnosing reinfarction |
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Term
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Definition
cardiac, liver and skeletal mm |
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Term
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Definition
ST elevation, ST depression, pathologic Q waves |
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Term
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Definition
inc necrosis; entire wall; ST elevation and Q waves |
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Term
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Definition
necrosis of <50%; subendocardium especially vulnerable; ST depression |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
top 3 complications of MI |
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Definition
cardiac arrhytmia, LV failure and pulmonary edema; cardiogenic shock |
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Term
MI with cardiac tamponade |
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Definition
ventricular free wall rupture |
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Term
MI with new mitral regurg |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
interventricular septal rupture |
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Term
complication aneurysm after MI |
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Definition
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Term
postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis |
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Definition
3-5 days post-MI; relieved with leaning forward |
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Term
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Definition
AI phenomenon resulting in fibrinous pericarditis, several weeks post-MI |
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Term
most common cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
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Term
causes of dilated cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
alcohol, beriberi, coxsackie B, cocaine, chagas, doxorubicin, hemochromatosis and peripartum |
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Term
dilated cardiomyopathy findings |
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Definition
S3, dilated heart on US, balloon appearance on XR |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
cardiomyopathy ass w/ Friedreich's ataxia |
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Definition
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
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Term
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Definition
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
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Term
disoriented, tangled hypertrophied myocardial fibers |
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Definition
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Term
sudden death in young athletes |
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Definition
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
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Term
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy findings |
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Definition
S4, apical impulses, systolic mumur, |
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Term
hypertrophic cardiomyop tx |
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Definition
beta blocker or nondihydro CCB |
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Term
causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
sarcoid, amyloid, postradiation fibrosis, endocardial fibroelastosis, loffler's, hemochromatosis |
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Term
endocardial fibroelastosis |
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Definition
thick fibroelastic tissue in endocardium in young children |
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Term
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Definition
endomyocardial fibrosis with a prominent eosinophilic infiltrate |
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Term
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Definition
round white spots on retina surrounded by hemorrhage |
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Term
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Definition
tender raised lesions on finger or toe pads |
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Term
what are janeway lesions? |
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Definition
small erythematous lesions on palm or sole |
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Term
signs of bacterial endocarditis |
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Definition
fever, roth's, osler's, janeway, splinter hemorrhage |
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Term
acute bacterial endocarditis |
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Definition
S aureus, large vegetations on normal valves |
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Term
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Definition
viridans strep, smaller vegetations on abnormal/diseased valves |
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Term
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Definition
haemophilus, actinobacteria, cardiobacterium, eikinella, kingella |
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Term
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Definition
S epidermidis, pseudomonas and candida |
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Term
bacterial endocarditis and colon cancer |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
endocarditis with lupus; wart-like sterile vegitaitons on both sides of the valve |
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Term
complications of bacterial endocarditis |
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Definition
chordae rupture, glomerulonephritis, suppurative pericarditis, emboli |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
valves with rheumatic fever |
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Definition
mitral > aortic >> tricuspid |
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Term
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Definition
granuloma with giant cells in rheumatic fever |
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Term
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Definition
activated istiocytes with rheumatic fever |
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Term
type of hypersensitivity with rheumatic fever |
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Definition
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Term
major criteria of rheumatic fever |
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Definition
migratory polyarthritis, pancarditis, nodules, erythema marginatum, sydenham chorea |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
CP aggravated by inspiration and relieved by siting up and leaning forward |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Dressler's uremia, renal failure, radiation |
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Term
auscultation of pericarditis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
inc ST in all leads, dec PR in all leads |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
EKG with cardiac tamponade |
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Definition
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|
Term
findings with cardiac tamponade |
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Definition
hypotension, inc JVD, distend heart sounds, pulsus paradoxus |
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Term
what is pulsus paradoxes? |
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Definition
dec in systolic by >10 mmHg during inspiration |
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Term
what can cuase pulsus peridoxus |
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Definition
tamponade, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, pericarditis and croup |
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Term
calcification of aortic root |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
inc in JVD with inspiration in pericarditis; caused by dec RV capacity |
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Term
most common cardiac tumor |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
multiple syncopal episodes and tumor |
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Definition
myxoma= ball valve obstruction |
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Term
cardiac tumor with tuberous sclerosis |
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Definition
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|
Term
metastasis to heart comes from? |
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Definition
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Term
complications of varicose veins |
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Definition
poor wound healing, varicose ulcers, edema, stasis dermatitis |
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Term
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Definition
fingers and toes; dec blood flow 2/2 arteriolar vasospasm in cold temp or emotional stress |
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Term
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Definition
mixed CT disease, SLE, CREST |
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Term
unilateral HA and jaw claudication |
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Definition
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Term
population with temporal arteritis |
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Definition
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Term
lab with temporal arteritis |
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Definition
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Term
vasculitis ass w/ polymyalgia rheumatica |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
weak upper extremity pulses with takayasu |
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Term
arteries in giant cell arteritis |
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Definition
opthalmic -> blindness; temporal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
fever, weight loss, malaise, HA, abdominal pain, melena |
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Term
vasculitis immune complex mediated sparing lungs |
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Definition
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Term
tx with corticosteroids and cyclphosphamide |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
fever, conjuncitivis, strawberry tongue, hand-foot erythema and coronary aneurysms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
population with beurger's |
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Definition
heavy smokers and males <40 |
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Term
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Definition
claudication -> gangrene; autoamputation of digits, nodular phlebitis, raynauds |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
upper respt tract, lower reap tract and renal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
vasculitis with foot drop |
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Definition
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Term
vasculitis with eosinophilia |
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Definition
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Term
vasculitis that follows URI |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
skin: palpable purpura on butt/legs, arthralgia, GI (melena, abdominal pain) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
neuro symptoms of sturge weber |
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Definition
ipsilateral leptomeningeal angiomatosis, seizures and early onset glaucoma |
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Term
hemangioma of infancy and regresses |
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Definition
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Term
angioma of elderly that does not regress |
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Definition
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Term
vascular tumor with trauma and pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
cavernous lymphangioma of neck with Turner |
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Definition
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|
Term
skin papulse in AIDS by Bartonella henselae |
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Definition
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Term
vascular tumor with vinyl chloride, arsenic and ThO2 |
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Definition
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|
Term
tumor with persistent lymphedema |
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Definition
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Term
skin papules in AIDS and HHV8 |
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Definition
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