Term
| Action Potential Phase 0 (depolarization) |
|
Definition
| Rapid influx of sodium into the cell interior through sodium channels (membrane is permeable by sodium) |
|
|
Term
| Action Potential Phase 1 (early repolarization) |
|
Definition
| Rapid closure of the sodium-channels and a slow influx of a small number of negatively charged chloride ions. |
|
|
Term
| Action Potential Phase 2 (plateau phase) |
|
Definition
| Slow inward flow of calcium and sodium ions and a slow exit of potassium ions. |
|
|
Term
| Action Potential Phase 3 (Late repolarization) |
|
Definition
| Cell becomes permeable to potassium |
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|
Term
| Action Potential Phase 4 (Membrane resting potential) |
|
Definition
| ATP activates the sodium potassium pump and pumps potassium into the cell and sodium out-reestablishing the polarized state where a stimulus can cause contraction. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| An electrical impulse results in contraction of the muscle. Membrane becmoes permeable and sodium flows rapidly into the cell. Atria contract, ventricles contract. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Recovery phase after muscle contraction |
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Term
| Electrohphysiologic Properties |
|
Definition
| Automaticity, rhythmicity, conductivity, refractoriness |
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|
Term
| Automatic Nervous System: Parasympathetic |
|
Definition
| Nerve stimulation of the SA, atrial muscles, and AV junction. Causes a release in acetylcholine which causes decreased heart rate and possible decrease in ventricular contraction. |
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|
Term
| The parasympathetic cause a release in acetylcholine, which causes what two reactions? |
|
Definition
| Decreased heart rate, and possble decrease in ventricular contraction. |
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|
Term
| Automatic Nervous system: Sympathetic |
|
Definition
| Nerve stimulation of the SA, AV juntion, and atrial and ventricular muscles. Which causes release in norepinephrine and epinephrine. Which causes an increase in heart rate and an increase in the force of myocardial contraction. |
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|
Term
| In the sympathetic nervous system when it causes a release in norepinephrine/epinephrine what does this also cause? |
|
Definition
| An increase in heart rate and an increase in the force of myocardial contraction. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Influences myocardial contractility. |
|
|
Term
| Positive inotropic effect |
|
Definition
| Strengthen or increase the force of myocardial contractility (digoxin, dobutamine, dopamine, epinephrine, and isoproterenol) |
|
|
Term
| Negative inotropic effect |
|
Definition
| Weaken or decrease the foce of myocardial contractility |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Positive chronotropic effect |
|
Definition
| Increases the heart rate by increasing the SA node firing (norepinephrine) |
|
|
Term
| Negative chronotropic effect |
|
Definition
| Decreases the heart rate by decreasing the SA node firing |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Influences conduction velocity through specialized conducting issues |
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|
Term
| Positive dromotropic effect |
|
Definition
| Speeds conduction (epinephrine) |
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|
Term
| Negative dromotropic effect |
|
Definition
| Delays conduction (verapamil) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inhibit the sodium/potassium pump. The inhibition increases the amount of clacium ions available for myocardial contraction.
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cardiac Glycoside
Positive inotropic action
Negative chronotropic action
Negative dromotropic action
Indications: heart failure and to slow ventricular rates in A-fib, A-flutter.
When the heart contracts, this drug makes it contract for all its worth. It increases the force of myocardial contractility.
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|
|
Term
| Adverse Effects (digoxin, Lanoxin) |
|
Definition
Dysrrythmias, N/V, dizziness, visual disturbances, rash, hallucinations, confusion, delirium.
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With digoxin, when is toxicity evident? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nursing Interventions (digoxin) |
|
Definition
| Apical pulse, pulse deficit, monitor labs. |
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|
Term
| Which labs do you need to monitor with digoxin? |
|
Definition
| potassium, calcium, magnesium, I/O, daily weights. |
|
|
Term
| What types of foods should you be cautious about with a patient who is on digoxin? |
|
Definition
| No high fiber foods (dig will bind to the fiber and won't do the patient any good) |
|
|
Term
| When is the best time to take digoxin? |
|
Definition
| 1 to 2 hours before a meal. |
|
|
Term
| What is the best route to give digoxin and why? |
|
Definition
| PO. It is a very painful injection for IV and it has an unpredictable absorption with IM. |
|
|
Term
| Where do you do an IM injection for digoxin? |
|
Definition
| Deep IM into a large muscle and massage after injection. |
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|
Term
When your patient reviews their medication, digoxin, with you, which statement concerns you to teach more?
1. Take dig at the same time every day.
2. Do not double for missed doses.
3. Restrict sodium intake to 2 gm/day or less.
4. Eat lots of licorice. |
|
Definition
| Eating lots of licorice is bad when you are taking digoxin because of sodium retention. |
|
|
Term
When you have a patient who is on digoxin which statement concerns you.
1. Limit alcohol consumption-1/day.
2. Wearing a medical necklace/bracelet
3. Hold for pulse <60 or >110-notify care provider
4. Decrease potassium intake. |
|
Definition
| 4. Increase potassium intake. |
|
|
Term
| When do you see digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity? |
|
Definition
Weight levels > 2.5 ng/mL
Anorexia is usually first sign.
Sudden weight gain/edema
heart palpitations
visual disturbances
N/V/D
Bradycardia |
|
|
Term
| What is the antidote for digoxin (Lanoxin) |
|
Definition
| Digoxin Immune Fab (Digibind) |
|
|
Term
| Drug interactions for digoxin (Lanoxin) |
|
Definition
| Drugs that slow AV node conduction (B blockers, diltiazem, verapmil), drugs which elevate this drugs levels (amiodarone, quinidine, azole antifungalts, erythromycin), and drugs which decrease gastric absorption of this drug if given simultaneously (antacids, bile sequestrants). Herbal alert pg 623. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Classic, preinfaction, variant. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Stable, occurs with stress or exertion still related to narrow blood vessels. |
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|
Term
| Preinfarction (angina pectoris) |
|
Definition
| unstable, before a heart attack. Related to narrowing of the blood vessels. Chest pain that would occur when a patient is not stressed out, but is relaxed. |
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|
Term
| Variant (angina pectoris) |
|
Definition
| Vasospastic. Coronary artery is having a muscle spasm (calcium, magnesium, electrolyte imbalance) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Anti-anginal. Works on the muscles of the blood vessels. Relax smooth muscle in blood vessel walls which have a system of 1. preload 2. coronary circulation 3. After load. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Comes back to the right atrium. Comes to the heart from the venous system. Dilates the veins so that the blood pressure is not so high. Makes it easier for the heart to pump and for the heart to get blood itself. (I know this doesn't make sense, couldn't figure it out, let me know if you do)
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|
|
Term
| Coronary Circulation (nitrates) |
|
Definition
| Dilates the coronary arteries and increases the bood flow to the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dilates the arteries, reduces peripheral resistance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prototype is nitroglycerin |
|
|
Term
| Where do you take a Nitroglycerin pill? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much of a nitroglycerin pill do you usually take? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How fast do nitroglycerin pills work, chest pain doesn't go away what do you do? and where do you store them? |
|
Definition
| Acts in 1-3 minutes. Can take 1 q 5 min up to a total of 3 tabs. If chest pain is still present go to ER. Store in brown glass iwht metal screw cap and renew perscription q 6 months. Do this because sun light breaks down the chemicals. |
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|
Term
What worries you when your patients starts to put on nitroglycerin as a topical ointment?
1. They use a special paper.
2. They wear gloves when applying it.
3. They rub it in.
4. They place on a non-hairy part of chest, abdomen, arm or leg. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Nitroglycerin Topical ointment facts. which is false?
1. Rotate sites
2. Place finger tip amount on skin
3. Wear gloves.
4. Apply every 6 hours. |
|
Definition
| physician orders how much goes on skin |
|
|
Term
| Topical disc (nitroglycerin) |
|
Definition
Apply 1 per day.
rotate sites.
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|
|
Term
| PO (nitroglycerin) not for attacks. |
|
Definition
For prophylaxis.
2.509 mg 2-3 times a day. |
|
|
Term
| Sublingual spray (nitroglycerin) |
|
Definition
1 metered dose, every 5 mins up to 3 doses in 15 minutes.
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
Diluted in D5W or NS.
Glass bottle
Use special NTG tubing and IV pump
Start at 5 mcg/min and titrate for pain.
Not used as much anymore. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Headache, flushing, N/V/D, Agitation, increased pulse, dry mouth, rash, blurred vision. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| any deviation from the normal heart beat rhythm and rate. Antidysrrhythmics are used for the prevention or dysrrhythmias. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decrease sodium re-entry into cardiac cells, decrease conduction velocity, suppresses automaticity, increases repolarization. |
|
|
Term
Which function do sodium channel blockers do?
1. Increase sodium re-entry into cardiac cells.
2. decrease conduction velocity.
3. suppress automaticity.
4. increase repolarization. |
|
Definition
| 1. decreases sodium re-entry into cardiac cells. |
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|
Term
| Lidocaine (sodium channel blocker) |
|
Definition
| Ventricular dysrhythmias. Only available in IV form. Monitor gor signs and sx of toxicity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anxiety, nervousness, drowsiness, sensations of heat/cold/numbness |
|
|
Term
| Worse side effects for lidocaine |
|
Definition
| Apprehension, euphoria, muscle tremors, tinnitus, n/v, paresthesias, visual disturbances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seizures, convulsions, respiratory arrest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decrease conduction velocity
Decrease automaticity
Decrease recovery time
Decrease a lot of work load for the heart. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following is incorrect about beta blockers?
1. decrease conduction velocity
2. increase automaticity
3. decrase recovery time.
4. decrease work load for heart. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a drug that prolongs repolarization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can be given IV or PO. Must watch for cardiac dysrhythmias. You must be hooked up to a machine because it could send you into heart failure. Used to treat ventricular tachycardia. |
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|
Term
| Side effects Amiodarone (codarone) |
|
Definition
Bradycardia
hypotension
cardiac dysrythmias
heart failure
hepatotoxicity
pulmonary toxicity (ARDS and fibrosis) |
|
|
Term
| Nursing interventions Amiodarone (cordarone) |
|
Definition
| vital signs, fluid balance, labs- thyroid, liver, chest x-ray, opthalmologic exam. |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid lab for amiodarone |
|
Definition
| controls all of your metabolism which in turn has an affect on your vital signs. If your patient has hyperthyroidism and you throw them into a slower rate you have a problem. |
|
|
Term
| Chest x-ray (labs-amiodarone) |
|
Definition
| Could cause pleural effusion, cardiomegaly |
|
|
Term
| opthalmologic (lab-amiodarone) |
|
Definition
| Deposits on the cornea from this medication can cause disturbances. |
|
|
Term
| Teaching your patient about Amiodarone should include |
|
Definition
| photosensitivity, notifying practioner about onset of side effects. We want to know the severity. |
|
|
Term
| If a patient is on amiodarone for a couple of years what would toxicity look like? |
|
Definition
thyroid- hypo usually but could go either way.
CHF, edema: extremities, pulmonary, distention.
Pulmonary- shortness of breath, coughing, dyspnea.
Neuro- confusion
Ocular- blurred vision, sensitivity to light, visual disturbances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
block clacium influx
decrease excitability
Decrease contractility
Increase refractory period of the AV node, thus decrease ventriuclar response (Verapmil) |
|
|
Term
| Decrease the time of the eletrical impulses from the AV node to the ventricles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adenosine (adenocard) (calcium channel blocker) |
|
Definition
| IV bolus adminster over 1 to 3 seconds followed by a 20 mL bolus of NS. Half life is less than 10 seconds. Stops heart all together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dyspnea, chest pain, flushing, nausea, headache, dizziness, tingling inarms, Asystole |
|
|
Term
| Adenosine nursing interventions. |
|
Definition
Inject drug at port closest to the patient (IV tubing)
Warn your patient of the side effects. |
|
|
Term
| Diltiazem (Cardiazem) (Calcium channel blocker) |
|
Definition
| IV dosing for PSVT (paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia). Slowing the heart down. |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects for Diltiazem |
|
Definition
| Edema, Headache, Dizziness, GI upset, muscle weakness, AV block, systolic heart failure. |
|
|
Term
| Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin) (Calcium channel blocker) |
|
Definition
| IV dosing for PSVT or rapid atrial dysrhythmias. |
|
|
Term
| Verapamil adverse effects |
|
Definition
Gingivinal hyperplasia
Constipation
Hypotension
Peripheral edema
Reflex tachycardia
Dizziness
GI upset
AV block |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lower blood pressure and decrease edema. They take out all the fluids and it decreases bp. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inhibit sodium reabsorption.
Promote renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, potassium, and magnesium.
May increase serum levels of calcium, glucose, and uric acid (gout) |
|
|
Term
| Thiazides inhibit sodium reabsorption meaning that |
|
Definition
| it helps you retain water because it pulls out the sodium. |
|
|
Term
| Thiazides (diuretic) side effects |
|
Definition
hypokalemia and other imbalances
increased uric acid levels
elevated LDL and triglyceride levels |
|
|
Term
| Thiazide (diuretic) nursing interventions |
|
Definition
| vital signs, monitor I&O, daily weight, monitor labs (cholestero, potassium, magnesium) |
|
|
Term
| What are the labs you monitor with thiazide nursing interventions |
|
Definition
| cholesterol, potassium, and magnesium |
|
|
Term
| Thiazide patient teaching |
|
Definition
| photosensitivity precautions, dietary changes particularly related to potassium intake, use sugarless candy if dry mouth occurs, take with food. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibit the reabsorption of sodium in the loop of Henle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| May be administered PO, IM, or IV. Food or no food. |
|
|
Term
| Furosemide (Lasix) side effects |
|
Definition
| Dehydration/ hypovolemia, hypokalemia/hypochloremia, tinnitus (ototoxicty is reversible- occurs particularly with rapid IV administration), N/V/D, orthostatic hypotension/hypotension, blood dyscrasias, photosensitivity. |
|
|
Term
| Furosemide (lasix) nursing interventions |
|
Definition
| vital signs, I&O, Daily weight, monitor lab values, FVD, dry lips, tinting of skin |
|
|
Term
| Furosemide (Lasix) patient teaching |
|
Definition
| photosensitivity, dietary changes, take in AM- so they pee all day, it draws out potassium during the day and you are eating during the day so that your potassium is replenished. Use sugar less candy if dry mouth occurs. Orthostatic hypotension precautions: no sudden movements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used to prevent kidney failiure, used to decrease ICP. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Usually do not give this with cardiac patients. It goes to the brain not the heart. Also can be used to treat intraocular pressure. |
|
|
Term
| Carbonic anydrase inhibitors. |
|
Definition
| Block carbonic anhydrase which maintains acid base balance. IOP r/t glaucoma. |
|
|
Term
| Potassium sparing diuretics. |
|
Definition
| Block sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule, increasing sodium and water excretion while conserving potassium. |
|
|
Term
| Triamterene (potassium sparing diuretic) side effects |
|
Definition
| N/V/D, rash, dizziness, H/A, weakness, dry mouth, photosensitivty, hyperkalemia. |
|
|
Term
| Triamterene (Potassium sparing diuretic) nursing interventions |
|
Definition
| labs, daily weight, give with food or milk, blood pressure, urine output |
|
|
Term
Aldactone (spironolactone, potassium sparing diuretics) patient teaching
|
|
Definition
| take at same time each day (morning), avoid salt substitutes, avoid increased potassium intake (mindful of foods that have potassium), do not discontinue suddenly, sun exposure precautions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| N/V, Tremors, Agitation, Dizziness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Everything speeds up, side effects will subside once the med wears off |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Life saving drugs health history/assessment monitor vital signs know medications teach s/s of side effects & adverse reactions, proper use of meds, and to report side effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tachycardia, Ventricular Fibrillation (deadly rhythm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alpha1-blood vessels Beta1- Heart Beta 2-Lungs(cardiac stimulant) |
|
|
Term
Adrenergic Blockers
Atenolol |
|
Definition
| Atenolol Classification: Selective B1 |
|
|
Term
Adrenergic Blockers
Atenolol |
|
Definition
| Beta1 - Heart (antihypertensive/decreases heart rate) |
|
|
Term
Adrenergic Blockers
Atenolol |
|
Definition
| Dizziness, drowiness, weakness (need to adv patient to get up slowly) |
|
|
Term
Adrenergic blockers
Atenolol |
|
Definition
| Hypotension, bradycardia, pulmonary edema |
|
|
Term
Adrenergic Blockers
Atenolol |
|
Definition
| Advise patient to get up slowly or ask for assistance, teach FSBS, get a BP cuff and keep a daily log of BP reading, learn to check HR **abruptly stopping medication will cause rebound hypertension |
|
|
Term
Adrenergic blockers
Atenolol |
|
Definition
| Watch for edema in COPD patients, HOLD if HR <60, monitor vitals, report changes, assess for hypoglycemia, watch for orthostatic HTN, Teach pt how to recognize s/s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bethanechol (Urecholine) treatment for urinary retention |
|
|
Term
Cholinergic agents
Bethanechol |
|
Definition
| Eye- constricts pupils Heart- decrease HR Blood Vessels- decrease BP (dilates) Stomach- increase gastric secretion Bronchus- constrict bronchioles Bladder- increase bladder contraction effects skeletal muscle |
|
|
Term
Cholinergic agents
Bethanechol |
|
Definition
| N/V/D, salivation, sweating |
|
|
Term
Cholinergic agents
Bethanechol |
|
Definition
| Teach reason for taking med and the importance of compliance also teach S/S and reactions to watch for, explain to pt they should see increased urine output |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Monitor vitals, I&O, assess breath sounds, observe for postural hypotension,liver enzymes may be elevated, pt should notice improved urine flow, limited use for glaucoma, Mysasthenia gravis, Alzheimer’s Disease |
|
|
Term
| Anticholinergic Parasympathetic Nervous System "hot as a hare, dry as a bone" (dry you out, will make tachycardiac, HTN) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscarinic receptor can use in cardiac arrest (will increase HR); preop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation (GI motility slows down), nasal congestion, bradycardia/tachycardia, decreased urination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Avoid caffeine, cigarettes, aspirin & alcohol at bedtime to decrease gastric acidity; Avoid hot environments compliance with meds, increase fluid intake, use hard candy, ice chips or gum for dry mouth, maintain good oral hygeine, use eyedrops to moisten eyes - diet should be high in fiber and water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monitor vital signs, report if tachycardia occurs; I&O, pt should void before taking medication, record bowel sounds, raise bedside rails, provide mouth care |
|
|
Term
| Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System |
|
Definition
| Trihexyphenidyl HCL (Artane) Anticholinergic agent (dries you out) |
|
|
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Artane |
|
Definition
| Inhibits Acetylcholine blocks cholinergic (muscarinic) receptore to decrease involuntary movements; controls tremors & muscle rigidity - can be used alone or in combination with L-dopa |
|
|
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Artane |
|
Definition
| N/V, dry mouth, constipation, anxiety, H/A, flushing, pupil dilation, dysphagia, dark urine and dark perspiration , anorexia, insomina, blurred vision, orthostatic HTN |
|
|
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Artane |
|
Definition
| Cannot stop abruptly, *rebound effect, avoid vitamin B foods |
|
|
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Artane |
|
Definition
| Tachycardia, palpations, urinary retention; postural hypotension, Life Threatening: paralytic ileus avoid use with narrow angle glaucoma, avoid with patients with myasthenia gravis - avoid with GI or GU obstruction |
|
|
Term
| Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System |
|
Definition
| Carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet) |
|
|
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Carbidopa-levodopa |
|
Definition
| Dopaminergic , Combination drug (more dopamine reaches the basal ganglia) |
|
|
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Carbidopa-levodopa |
|
Definition
| dark urine, perspiration, anorexia, N/V, insomnia, elevated liver enzymes & function |
|
|
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Carbidopa-levodopa |
|
Definition
| pts have a risk for orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, risk for hypertensive crisis with MAOI |
|
|
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Carbidopa-levodopa |
|
Definition
| avoid vitamin B foods (beans, fortified cereals) **do not stop taking abruptly! |
|
|
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Carbidopa-levodopa |
|
Definition
| dysrhythmia, hallucinations |
|
|
Term
| Alzheimer’s parasympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Alzheimer’s parasympathetic nervous system
tacrine |
|
Definition
| Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (improves memory in mild to moderate alzheimer's dementia - enhances cholinergic function) |
|
|
Term
Alzheimer’s parasympathetic nervous system
tacrine |
|
Definition
| N/V, diarrhea and dizziness |
|
|
Term
Alzheimer’s parasympathetic nervous system
tacrine |
|
Definition
| focused neuro & head to toe assessment, watch for wandering behaviors, contraindicated w/ liver disease |
|
|
Term
Alzheimer’s parasympathetic nervous system
tacrine |
|
Definition
| Can’t stop abruptly, rebound effect |
|
|
Term
Alzheimer’s parasympathetic nervous system
tacrine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Myasthenia Gravis Parasympathetic Nervous System |
|
Definition
| Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) |
|
|
Term
Myasthenia Gravis Parasympathetic Nervous System
Pyridostigmine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Myasthenia Gravis Parasympathetic Nervous System
Pyridostigmine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Myasthenia Gravis Parasympathetic Nervous System
Pyridostigmine |
|
Definition
| Requires total care, explain to family, educate about medication at the same time everyday |
|
|
Term
Myasthenia Gravis Parasympathetic Nervous System
Pyridostigmine |
|
Definition
| Must be given at the same time everyday, wear a medical alert bracelet, need to know the correct dose (don’t double up), do not stop med abruptly |
|
|
Term
Myasthenia Gravis Parasympathetic Nervous System
Pyridostigmine |
|
Definition
| Respiratory depression, Cardiac dysrhythmias overdose: stimulates cholinergic response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Spasticity/Muscle Spasms
Carisoprodol (Soma) |
|
Definition
| Centrally Acting Musculoskeletal relaxant |
|
|
Term
Spasticity/Muscle Spasms
Carisoprodol (Soma) |
|
Definition
| drowsiness, N/V, dizziness, facial flushing, diplopia, confusion, ataxia, weakness, insomnia |
|
|
Term
Spasticity/Muscle Spasms
Carisoprodol (Soma) |
|
Definition
| monitor liver enzymes and report elevated levels, record vital signs, observe for CNS side effects |
|
|
Term
Spasticity/Muscle Spasms
Carisoprodol (Soma) |
|
Definition
| Avoid alcohol, no driving, should not be abruptly stopped, taken no longer than 3 weeks, report side effects, take with food |
|
|
Term
Spasticity/Muscle Spasms
Carisoprodol (Soma) |
|
Definition
| Respiratory depression, any changes in vision, chest pain, tachycardia, physical dependence |
|
|
Term
| Anticholinergic- overactive bladder Disorder parasympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
| Tolterodine Tartrate (Detrol) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bladder - controls overactive bladder by decreasing urinary frequency & urgency |
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Term
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Definition
| Dry mouth, Blurred vision, urinary retention, headache, dizziness, vertigo, nervousness, N/V/D, abdominal pain, constipation, dyspepsia, UTI, weight gain, arthralgia, dry skin |
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Term
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Definition
| Watch for Tachycardia Monitor I&O’s Monitor for constipation Teach: Avoid hot environments Avoid caffeine, alcohol compliance with meds. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Tachycardia, Hypertension, bronchitis, visual abnormalities, chest pain |
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Term
| Sedative –Hypnotic- Barbiturate (Short treatment for insomia/adjunctive agent for anesthesia) |
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Definition
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Term
Sedative
Secobarbital sodium |
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Definition
| Depression of the CNS (motor and sensory activities) |
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Term
Sedative
Secobarbital sodium |
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Definition
| Lethargy, drowsiness, hangover, dizziness, paradoxical exciment in older adults |
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Term
Sedative
Secobarbital sodium |
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Definition
| Determine family Hx of insomia, assess renal function (urine output 600 mL a day), assess for fluid deficit (dehydration/may cause hypotension effect), reconized possibility of drug abuse, monitor V/S (especially respirations and BP), Confuse patients bed rails up (X4), observe for adverse reactions, Assess for withdrawal symptoms, IV form do not mix with any medications and IM should be given in Lg muscle |
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Term
Sedative
Secobarbital sodium |
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Definition
| Teach nonpharmacologic ways to induce sleep, avoid use of alcohol, antidepressants, antipsychotic and narcotic drugs (respiratory distress may occur in combination), avoid operating any motor machinery, take medication 30 mins before going to bed, do not stop medication abruptly needs to be tapered (may result withdrawal symptoms) |
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Term
Sedative
Secobarbital sodium |
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Definition
| drug dependence or tolerance, respiratory distress, laryngospasm |
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Term
| Sedative-Hypnotic- Nonbenzodiazepine (treat insomia) |
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Definition
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Term
Sedative
Zolpidem tartrate |
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Definition
| Depression of CNS, neurotransmitter inhibition |
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Term
Sedative
Zolpidem tartrate |
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Definition
| Drowsiness, lethargy, headache, handgover (residual sedation), irritability, dizziness, anxiety, N/V |
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Term
Sedative
Zolpidem tartrate |
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Definition
| Teach nonpharmacologic ways to induce sleep, avoid use of alcohol, antidepressants, antipsychotic and narcotic drugs (respiratory distress may occur in combination), takes 15-45 mins to take effect, suggest to patient to urinate before taking sedative to prevent sleep disruption, avoid drinking caffeine |
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Term
Sedative
Zolpidem tartrate |
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Definition
| Monitor V/S, check for respiratory depression (slow, irregular, breathing patterns), monitor AST, ALT, and bilirubin labs, |
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Term
Sedative
Zolpidem tartrate |
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Definition
| Tolerance, psychological or physical dependence |
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Term
| Anticonvulsant (Treatment/ prevention of tonic-clonic [grand mal] seizures and complex partial seizures) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Reduces motor cortex activity by altering transport of ions |
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Term
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Definition
| headache, diplopia, confusion, drowsiness, sluggish, ↓coordination, ataxia, slurred speech, rash, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, hypotension (after IV administration), pink-red/brown discolor in urine |
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Term
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Definition
| Obtain health hx (current drug and herb use), check urinary output (>600 mL/day), monitor lab values for renal and liver function/creatine/BUN/CBC (blood dyscrasias)/ serum drug levels, do not mix with other medications, give slowly (do not exceed 50 mg/min), assess proper food intake (due to anorexia, N / V cause by medication), may decrease effectiveness of contraceptives (may need additional contraceptive method) |
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Term
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Definition
| Obtain health hx (current drug and herb use), check urinary output (>600 mL/day), monitor lab values for renal and liver function/creatine/BUN/CBC (blood dyscrasias)/ serum drug levels, do not mix with other medications, give slowly (do not exceed 50 mg/min), assess proper food intake (due to anorexia, N / V cause by medication), may decrease effectiveness of contraceptives (may need additional contraceptive method) |
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Term
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Definition
| Leukopenia, hepatitis, depression, gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus, hursutism, osteoporosis Life-threatening: Aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia agranulocytosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, hypotension, V-Fib, encephalopathy |
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