Term
| Where are beta 1 receptors located and what do they do? |
|
Definition
| They are located in the heart and they increase heart rate, contractility, and renin secretion. |
|
|
Term
| Where are beta 2 receptors located and what do they do? |
|
Definition
| They are located mainly in the blood vessels and are responsible for causing vasodilation. They are also located in the smooth muscle of the bronchi and when stimulated cause bronchial dilation. |
|
|
Term
| Where are alpha 1 receptors located and what do they do? |
|
Definition
| They are located in the blood vessels and are responsible for causing vasoconstriction. |
|
|
Term
| Where are dopamine receptors located and what do they do? |
|
Definition
| They are located in the renal, mesenteric, coronary and the cerebrovascular blood vessels and cause vasodilation. |
|
|
Term
| What receptors does epinephrine stimulate and what are the results? |
|
Definition
| It stimulates the beta 1 receptors of the heart which results in an increase in myocardial contractility and heart rate. It also has some simultaneous effects on the beta 2 and alpha 1 receptors and when stimulated results in a cancelation of their individual functions and thus vascular tone does not change. |
|
|
Term
| What is the main purpose of epinephrine when it's administered as a drug. |
|
Definition
| To increase contractility. |
|
|
Term
| What receptors does norepinephrine stimulate and what are the results? |
|
Definition
| It stimulates the beta 1 and alpha 1 receptors and increases myocardial contractility and causes vasoconstriction. This results in increased cardiac output and increased blood pressure. |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the drug, norepinephrine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when dopamine is administered in low doses? |
|
Definition
| It stimulates the dopamine 1 receptors and causes vasodilation. |
|
|
Term
| What happens when moderate doses of dopamine are administered? |
|
Definition
| It stimulates the beta 1 receptors and improves myocardial contractility and cardiac output. |
|
|
Term
| What happens when dopamine is administered at high doses? |
|
Definition
| It stimulates alpha 1 receptors and causes vasoconstriction. |
|
|
Term
| What is the initial step in atherosclerosis and what are some causes? |
|
Definition
Arterial wall injury.
Causes are HTN, diabetes, smoking, hyperlipidemia |
|
|
Term
| What is the leading cause of coronary artery disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three layers of blood vessels and what are their functions? |
|
Definition
-The tunica intima is the innermost layer and is made up of squamous epithelial cells. These cells have a role in coagulation, antithrombogenesis, fibrinolysis, immune function, tissue growth and healing, vasoconstriction and relaxation.
-The middle layer is the tunica media and is made up of smooth muscle. It assists with contraction and relaxation of the artery.
- The tunica externa is
the outermost layer and is made of connective tissue, nerves and lymphatic vessels. |
|
|
