Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lightheadedness, fainting |
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Term
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Definition
| bluish color of the extremities |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| CV Signs and Symptoms: PTI |
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Definition
| Assess all of the patient's subjective symptoms, symptoms may be non cardiac related. If symptoms cluster though, may be more suspicious |
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Term
| Age-Related CV Changes: 1 |
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Definition
| Decreased number of myocytes within the connective tissue |
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Term
| Age-Related CV Changes: 2 |
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Definition
| Fibrosis of cardiac tissue |
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Term
| Age-Related CV Changes: 3 |
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Definition
| Deposition of epicardial fat |
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Term
| Age-Related CV Changes: 4 |
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Definition
| Decreased transport of Calcium |
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Term
| Age-Related CV Changes: 5 |
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Definition
| Decreased capillary disease |
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Term
| Age-Related CV Changes: 6 |
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Definition
| Thickening of the L ventricular wall |
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Term
| Age-Related CV Changes: 7 |
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Definition
| Enlarged left atrium size |
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Term
| Age-Related CV Changes: 8 |
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Definition
| blood vessels, stiffen, dilate, elongate, and are subject to deposition of calcium and atherosclerosis |
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Term
| Age-Related CV Changes: PTI |
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Definition
| Encouraging a healthy lifestyle and physical activity have a great impact on slowing these degenerative effects |
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Term
| Which gender has a larger heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which gender is more prone to mitral valve prolapses? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which gender has a longer QT segment |
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Definition
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Term
| Which gender has a greater increase in LV hypertrophy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Thickening of the arterial walls, loss of elasticity of these walls, hardening of the arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| Atherosclerosis: Nonmodifiable risk factors |
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Definition
| age, gender, ethnicity, family history |
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Term
| Atherosclerosis: modifiable risk factors |
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Definition
| diet, cholesterol levels, hypertension, activity level, diabetes, obesity, alcoholism, smoking |
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Term
| Atherosclerosis Development: Step 1 |
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Definition
| injury to the endothelium takes place, making teh vessel permeable to circulating lipoproteins |
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Term
| Atherosclerosis Development: Step 2 |
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Definition
| platelets and monocytes aggregate in the area in an attempt to start an immune reaction and heal the area |
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Term
| Atherosclerosis Development: Step 3 |
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Definition
| penetration of lipoproteins cause the formation of fatty streaks along the tunica intima |
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Term
| Atherosclerosis Development: Step 4 |
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Definition
| plaques build up on the tunica intima over fatty streaks. Cells stick to damaged vessel wall and a thrombus is formed |
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Term
| Atherosclerosis Development: Step 5 |
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Definition
| Thrombus calcifies and becomes hard |
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Term
| What is a vessel with a calcified hard thrombus prone to? |
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Definition
| rupture, hemorrhage, complete blockage |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Chest pain that occurs when there is insufficient oxygen supply to the heart which results in ischemia |
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Definition
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Term
| How can Angina pectoris occur 1 |
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Definition
| blood or oxygen supply can be impaired, such as atherosclerosis or by vasospasm of a coronary artery |
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Term
| How can angina pectoris occur 2 |
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Definition
| demand of oxygen to the heart can be elevated beyond normal exercises, such as exercise |
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Term
| Patient presents with angina during treatment, what happens first? |
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Definition
| cease all activity and patient rests for 5 minutes |
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Term
| What should the patient with angina take if available? |
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Definition
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Term
| When taking nitro tabs, the patient must |
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Definition
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Term
| How much time should pass in between taking nitro tabs? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many nitro tabs should the patient take before emergency services be contacted? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the patient's angina subsides, what happens next? |
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Definition
| resume treatment, but at decreased intensity level |
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Term
| Defined by WHO as persistent elevation of blood pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| What must be the blood pressure reading be to be considered hypertensive |
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Definition
| >140 systolic, >90 diastolic |
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Term
| How can hypertension be classified as? |
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Definition
| systolic, diastolic, severity |
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Term
| Hypertension is typically |
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Definition
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Term
| As hypertension severity increases symptoms may include |
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Definition
| headache, vertigo, flushed face, CV symptoms may be present |
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Term
| What lifestyle choice can reduce blood pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| For how long will blood pressure be decreased after exercise? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which measurement is more greatly affected by exercise? |
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Definition
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Term
| What exercise has been found to increase blood pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| development of ischemia and necrosis within the tissue |
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Term
| How is myocardial infarction usually caused? |
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Definition
| coronary thrombus at the site of pre-exist atherosclerosis |
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Term
| Can the cells in the zone of infarction recovery? |
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Definition
| no, necrosis is considered irreversible |
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Term
| Can the cells in the zone of hypoxic injury and zone of ischemia? |
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Definition
| maybe, after blood flow and oxygen supply is restored |
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Term
| Hallmark sign of myocardial infarction |
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Definition
| sudden onset of crushing pressure at the chest, may last for 30 minute with other symptoms |
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Term
| WHen the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to supply the body's needs |
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Definition
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Term
| CHF: chornic condition and often backs up into the lungs |
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Definition
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Term
| CHF: acute condition which backs up into the systemic circulation and is seen as increased volume and weight gain in the extremities |
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Definition
| right-sided heart failure |
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Term
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Definition
| rv cannot maintain its output to the lungs |
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Term
| Due to the RV being unable to maintain its output to the lungs what happens |
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Definition
| blood proceeds to the left side of the heart and then into the systemic circulation |
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Term
| The heart fails to pump blood forward and compensatory mechanisms are employed to attempt to keep this pump working |
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Definition
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Term
| L-Sided HF: If the ____ insufficiency is prolonged, these compensatory mechanisms will too, eventually fail |
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Definition
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Term
| Symptoms associated with Advanced L-Sided HF. |
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Definition
| dyspnea at rest, orthopnea, cough, pulmonary edema, cerebral hypoxia, renal changes |
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Term
| Advanced L-Sided HF: pulmonary edema symptoms |
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Definition
| SOB, anxiety, frothy pink sputum, accessory muscle use for breathing, abnormal breath sounds, tacchypnea, diaphoresis |
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Term
| Advanced L-Sided HF: Cerebral hypoxia symptoms |
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Definition
| irritability, restlessness, confusion, impaired memory, difficulty sleeping |
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Term
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Definition
| peripheral edema, stiff, heavy clumsy limbs, decreased ROM, strength, endurance and signs related to organ involvment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| High Fowler's positoin of at least 20" elevation may hloep with what |
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Definition
| reducing pulmonary congestion and help breathing |
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Term
| How are most arterial aneurysms caused? |
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Definition
| athero or other injury to the vessel |
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Term
| What are other causes of aneurysms |
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Definition
| trauma (surgical or blunt) to the vessel, hereditary diseases, inflammatory diseases and infectious agents |
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Term
| Aneurysm locations: Symptoms involving dyspnea, dysphagia, hoarseness and or coughing |
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Definition
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Term
| Aneurysm Locations: Low back pain, abdominal heart beat |
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Definition
| abdominal aortic aneurysm |
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Term
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Definition
| venous stasis, hypercoagulability, injury to a vessel |
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Term
| Which population has the highest incidence for DVTs? |
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Definition
| abdominal, pelvic, or LE surgical patients |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| swelling of the limb, redness, warmth, tachycardia |
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Term
|
Definition
| early ambulation and mobilization |
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Term
| DVT PTI: equipment based treatments |
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Definition
| elastic stocking, pneumatic devices which simulate calf muscle pumping |
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